section 2 test Flashcards
what is a small smooth are on a bone?
facet
what are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone?
trabeculae
Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline. t/f
true
Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones. t/f
true
During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days. t/f
false
Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood t/f
true
the scapula is an example of what bone?
- irregular
- long
- short
- flat
- sesamoid
flat
this is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join.
- Epiphyseal plate
- epiphyseal line
- metaphysis
- diaphyseal line
- diaphyseal plate
metaphysis
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.
- hyaline cartilage
- periosteum
- articular cartilage
- adipose tissue
- none of the above
hyaline cartilage
these are considered bone dissolving cells.
- osteogenic
- osteoclast
- osteocytes
- osteoblasts
- all of the above
osteoclast
what are bony chambers were osteocytes are located within the compact bone?
lacunae
what is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue?
bone remodeling
In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme t/f
false
The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk. t/f
false
Short bones have greater length than width t/f
false
Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine t/f
false
The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as
- flat bones
- fontanels
- parietal bones
- temporal bones
- occipital bones
fontanels
about 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
- rib
- clavicle
- humerus
- ulna
- tibia
tibia
the lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
- tibia
- fibula
- tarsal
- meratarsals
- none of the above
fibula
which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
- Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
- Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone.
- Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
- Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue
what is a ridge or an elongated prominence on a bone?
crest
when places under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of _ fibers by _
collagen, osteoblasts
The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones. t/f
true
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits. t/f
false
The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle t/f
false
The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk t/f
true
this is the shaft of a long bone.
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- periosteum
- marrow
diaphysis
which of the following is not found in spongy bone?
- Haversian canals
- trabculae
- osteoblasts
- matrix
Haversian canals
the largest of the tarsal bones is the?
- talus
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- navicular
calcaneus
osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along?
- horizontal to the metaphysis
- parallel to the epiphysis
- lines of stress
- randomly between the epiphyseal plate
- parallel to blood vessels
lines of stress
a _ is a long narrow channel, depression or furrow?
groove
a _ is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle
epicondyle
a boy’s bones are usually ossified by age 18. t/f
false
The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column t/f
false
Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk. t/f
true
scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region t/f
true
The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called
- Rheumatics
- Podiatry
- Orthopedics
- Cardiology
- Interologist
orthopedics
which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?
- tuberosity
- fissure
- meatus
- sulcus
- facet
tuberosity
the proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the
- epiphyses
- diaphysis
- metaphyses
- periosteum
- endosteum
epiphyses
a _ is a cavity within a bone
sinus
an opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass is called a?
foramen
the replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification. t/f
true
a persons bones are usually ossified by age 16 t/f
false
Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate. t/f
true
the diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone t/f
false
this is a structure of a long bone that stores energy
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- periosteum
- marrow
marrow
which facial bone articulates with every other facial bone except the mandible?
- zygomatic bone
- sphenoid bone
- palatine bone
- nasal bone
- maxillae
maxillae
these are considered bone building cells.
- osteogenic
- osteoclast
- osteocytes
- osteoblasts
- all of the above
osteoblasts
Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?
- zygomatic bone
- parietal bone
- maxillae
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
temporal bone
bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called?
osteoblasts
what is a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone?
tubercle
the main reason the body needs calcium is to make out bones strong t/f
false
The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial bones and cranial bones. t/f
true
the capitulum :
- Articulates with the head of radius
- Is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus
- Projects anteriorly
- Both a and b
- All of the above
both a and b
What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?
- osteogenic cell
- osteoblast
- osteoclast
- osteocyte
- none of the above
osteocyte
this is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- periosteum
- marrow
epiphysis
which of the following is NOT true of surface marking on bone?
- they allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels
- they provide attachments for muscles
- they provide movement within the bone
- they help form joints
- they can be a depression or a projection
they provide movement within a bone
ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called _ ribs
false
what is the proximal end of a bone?
head
all of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except:
- assistance in movement
- support
- protection
- mineral homeostasis
- carbohydrate storage
carbohydrate storage
which of the following hip bones is superior?
- llium
- pubis
- lschium
- both a and c
- all of the above
ilium
which of the following is true for yellow bone marrow?
- is can change to red marrow
- it stores fat
- it produces white blood cells
- it produces erythrocytes
- it can change to red marrow and store fat
- all of the above
it can change to red bone marrow and store fat
what is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone?
epiphysis
what is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit?
fissure
which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?
- it produces red blood cells
- it stores fat
- it can change to red marrow
- it is found in the medullary cavity
it produces red blood cells
When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?
- increasing the rate of bone deposition
- increasing the rate of bone resorption
- decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine
- increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract
- a and b
in creasing the rate of bone deposition
Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium, or pubis
- ilium
- ilium, ischium, pubis
- ischium
- ischium, pubis
- pubis
ilium, ischium, pubis
the tibiofemoral joint includes -femur condyles -condyles of the tibia condyles of the fibula -both a and b -all of the above
both a and b
calcium ion exchange Is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is _ hormone
parathyroid
the _ is the bone shaft or body- the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone
diaphysis
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits. t/f
false
Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate. t/f
true
these bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.
- frontal
- temporal
- parietal
- occipital
- nasal
temporal
the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found?
- at the distal end
- at the proximal end
- at the midpoint of the shaft
- at the epiphyseal plate
- none of the above
at the midpoint of the shaft
this is a bone located within ankles or wrists.
- long bone
- sutural bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
- short bone
short bone
which of the following is found in the axial skeleton/
- tarsal
- tibia
- sphenoid
- scapula
- clavicle
sphenoid
what is an elevated round process of a bone?
tuberosity
what contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue?
compact bone
which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?
- frontal bone
- occipital bone
- temporal bone
- parietal bone
- a and b only
a and b only
in which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?
- childhoot and adolescence
- middle age
- old age
- none of the above
childhood and adolescence
When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium?
- increasing the rate at which osteoclasts perform bone resorption
- increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract
- decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine
- a and b
- a, b, and c
a, b and c
the anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:
- epiphyseal line
- greater tubercle
- intertubercular sulcus
- surgical neck
- both a and c
epiphyseal line
the _ bone is sponge like in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits
ethmoid