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A&P 1 lecture > section 3 test > Flashcards

section 3 test Flashcards

1
Q

_ discs in cardiac muscle contain both desmosomes and gap junction

A

intercalated

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2
Q

the general anatomical term for the regions of contact between bones is _?

A

articulations

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3
Q

in mature skeletal muscle, new skeletal muscle cells can arise from satellite cells. t/f

A

true

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4
Q

a motor unit is a muscle fiber and the motor neuron connected to it. t/f

A

true

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5
Q

is a joint is not used for a period of time the motion of the joint can be limited. t/f

A

true

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6
Q

instead of troponin, smooth muscle has a different regulatory protein called_

  • calsequestrin
  • tropomyosin
  • myomesin
  • dystrophin
  • calmodulin
A

calmodulin

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7
Q

cartilaginous joints are connected by?

  • fibrocartilage
  • hyaline cartilage
  • tendons
  • ligaments
  • hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
  • all of the above
A

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

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8
Q

Which of the following correctly describes flexion?

  • movement of joints to increase the angle between bones
  • movement of joints to decrease the angle between bones
  • movement of body parts away from the midline
  • movement of body parts toward the midline
A

movement of joints to decrease the angle between bones

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9
Q

a joint where adjacent bones grow together and unite is referred to as a?

  • symphysis
  • syndesmosis
  • gomphosis
  • suture
A

suture

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10
Q

the joint between the parietal and frontal bones?

  • is a cartilaginous joint
  • is classified functionally as a synarthrosis
  • is the sagittal suture
  • all of the above
A

is classified functionally as a synarthrosis

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11
Q

_ joints have fluid filled cavity and bone are united by dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule

A

synovial

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12
Q

articular cartilage receives nutrients and oxygen from the _

A

synovial fluid

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13
Q

the shoulder joint is an example of a triaxial joint. t/f

A

true

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14
Q

cardiac muscle remains refractory until contraction ends to tetany does not occur. t/f

A

true

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15
Q

bursae are connective tissue sacs that are responsible for reducing friction during the movement of some joints. t/f

A

true

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16
Q

Which of the following is/are true?

  • Synergists are muscles that oppose the agonist.
  • Agonists contract while the antagonists relax.
  • both statements are correct
  • neither statement is correct
A

agonists contract while the antagonists relax

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17
Q

a fibrous joint may be a?

  • suture
  • gomphosis
  • syndesmosis
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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18
Q

Identify the description of the motor end plate.

  • folded region of sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction
  • portion of axon terminal membrane that releases acetylcholine into the cleft
  • non convoluted region on the sarcolemma where the motor axon interacts
  • the combination of the motor neuron and the muscle fiber
A

folded region of sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction

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19
Q

which of the following statements about fast-twitch muscles is not true?

  • fast muscles (like in the eye)
  • are white
  • can not generate ATP as needed
  • a poorer blood supply
  • fatigue fast
A

can not generate ATP as needed

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT true for skeletal muscle fibers?

  • they contain many peripheral nuclei.
  • the cells are cylindrical and are arranged in parallel fashion.
  • a skeletal muscle fiber may be up to 30 cm long.
  • the myofibrils are arranged at right angles to the long axis of the cell, creating cross-striations.
A

the myofibrils are arranged at right angles to the long axis of the cell, creating cross-striations

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21
Q

the neurotransmitter released at a neuromuscular junction (in skeletal muscle) is_

A

acetylcholine

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22
Q

this protein binds calcium which causes a conformational change unblocking the myosin head binding site on actin_

A

troponin

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23
Q

a motor neuron is a nerve cell that stimulates a muscle cell, causing a contraction. t/f

A

true

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24
Q

muscles with either parallel or fusiform arrangements of fasciculi tend to have longer fibers than do pennate muscles. t/f

A

true

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25
Q

bending the ankle so that the foot moves downward is the movement called planar flexion. t/f

A

true

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26
Q

which joint shows a hinge motion?

  • between tarsal bones
  • knee joint
  • hip joint
  • between atlas and dens of axis
  • between trapezium and first metacarpal
A

knee joint

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27
Q

articular discs of synovial joints:

  • are pads of hyaline cartilage
  • move freely within the joint cavity
  • are found in the space between the ends of the bones
  • are found in all synovial joints
A

are found in the space between the ends of the bones

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28
Q

the ability of muscle tissue to shorten and thicken is:

  • elasticity
  • extensibility
  • stability
  • contractility
A

contractility

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29
Q

one sarcomere contains all of the following except:

  • the H zone
  • myosin
  • myofibrils
  • the M line
A

myofibrils

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30
Q

Identify the description of the synaptic vesicle.

  • sac that stores neurotransmitter
  • a small space that separates the cell membrane of a motor neuron from the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell
  • neurotransmitters found in the synaptic cleft
  • neurotransmitters bound to the sarcolemma
A

sac that stores neurotransmitter

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31
Q

additional muscle energy is stored in _ which transfers stored energy to ADP making ATP

A

creatine phosphate

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32
Q

striations are visible when_ and _ muscle tissues are examines microscopically

A

skeletal and cardiac

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33
Q

structure and shape of the articulating bones help determine range of motion at synovial joints. t/f

A

true

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34
Q

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection which resembles arthritis. t/f

A

true

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35
Q

the joint between two bodies of adjacent vertebrae is a synchondrosis. t/f

A

false

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36
Q

which of the following joints allow the most possible movements?

  • condyloid
  • hinge
  • gliding
  • ball and socket
A

ball and socket

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37
Q

the end-membrane system which houses calcium within the muscle fiber is the_

  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • myoglobin
  • troponin
  • sacroplasmic reticulum
A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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38
Q

a _ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage

  • symphysis
  • synchondrosis
  • suture
  • synovial joint
A

symphysis

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39
Q

which of the following statements about joint classification is true?

  • All synchondroses are synarthrotic.
  • All synovial joints are diarthrotic.
  • All symphyses are synarthrotic.
  • All of the above.
A

all of the above

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40
Q

The insertion of a muscle:

  • in a limb is usually proximal to the origin.
  • does not move when the muscle contracts.
  • is the movable point of attachment of a muscle.
  • attaches a muscle to a bone or skin.
  • all of the above
  • a, b, and d
  • a and c
  • c and d
A

c and d

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41
Q

neurotransmitters are stored in_ within the motor neuron ending and are released into the synaptic cleft allowing them to bind receptors on the motor end plate

A

synaptic vesicle

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42
Q

this bacterial toxin blocks exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction _

A

botox

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43
Q

interosseous membranes are a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that bonds neighboring long bones and permits alight movement. t/f

A

true

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44
Q

skeletal muscle is affected by both acetylcholine and norepinephrine. t/f

A

false

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45
Q

the contractile elements of skeletal muscle cells are sarcomeres. t/f

A

true

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46
Q

_ is the Time between stimulus and the response?

  • refractory period
  • threshold stimulus
  • latent period
  • summation
A

latent period

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47
Q

Which of the following statements about muscle types is not true?

  • white muscles contract more faster than red.
  • red muscles contain less myoglobin than white.
  • red muscles are postural muscles
  • white muscles fatigue faster than red
A

red muscles contain less myoglobin than white

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48
Q

Which of the following statements about muscle types is true?

  • white muscles contract more slowly than red.
  • red muscles contain less myoglobin than white.
  • white muscles are not postural muscles
  • white muscles fatigue slower than red
A

white muscles are not postural muscles

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49
Q

which of the following is not a synovial joint?

  • pivot
  • hinge
  • suture
  • condyloid
A

suture

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50
Q

the skeletal muscle fibers that fatigue most easily are:

  • red muscle fibers
  • slow oxidative fibers
  • fast glycolytic fibers
  • both a and c
A

fast glycolytic fibers

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51
Q

_ is the thick filament involved in skeletal muscle contraction

A

myosin

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52
Q

the _ is the contracting unit that extends from Z line to Z line

A

sarcomere

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53
Q

ligaments at synovial joints may by extra capsular to intracapsular. t/f

A

true

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54
Q

the specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction is called the synaptic cleft. t/f

A

false

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55
Q

abduction occurs when a bone moves toward the midline. t/f

A

false

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56
Q

the _ are the light bands and are only actin

  • I bands
  • A bands
  • H zone
  • H zone to A band
  • Z line to Z line
A

I bands

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57
Q

In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum:

  • forms transverse (T) tubules.
  • is similar to the Golgi complex.
  • contains extracellular fluid.
  • releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction.
A

releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction

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58
Q

if a joint is enclosed in a tough connective tissue capsule and if it contains a joint cavity, it is classified as:

  • synovial
  • fibrous
  • cartilaginous
  • all of the above
A

synovial

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59
Q

a forceful, sustained muscle contraction is called?

  • isotonic
  • latent
  • tetany
  • isometric
  • all or none
A

tetany

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60
Q

one sarcomere extends from?

  • I bands to H zone
  • Z lines to A band
  • H zone to A band
  • Z line to Z line
A

Z line to Z line

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61
Q

_ released form the sarcoplasmic reticulum must bind troponin if muscle contraction is to occur

A

calcium

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62
Q

_ muscle cells do not contain sarcomeres

A

smooth

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63
Q

interphalangeal joints are synovial joints at which flexion and extension occur. t/f

A

true

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64
Q

synovial fluid is a somewhat viscous liquid that contains hyaluronic acid and fluid formed from blood plasma. t/f

A

true

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65
Q

oxygen debt is when oxygen runs out after couple of minutes of strenuous exercise, and aerobic cellular respiration kicks in. t/f

A

false

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66
Q

_ is a painful debilitating autoimmune disorder that attacks cartilage and joint linings

  • Lyme disease
  • osteoarthritis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • gout
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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67
Q

the insertion of a muscle is_

  • attached to the largest bone
  • is on the immovable or fixed end of the bone
  • is the movable end of the musscle
  • is the prime mover
A

is the movable end of the muscle

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68
Q

Which of the following terms and descriptions is not correctly paired?

  • epiphysis - expanded portion at each end of a bone
  • menisci - fibrocartilage disks that divides synovial joints into two compartments
  • extension - bending of joints to decrease the angle between bones
  • latent period - time between stimulus and response
  • adduction - movement of body parts toward the midline
A

extension- bending of joints to decrease the angle between bones

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69
Q

a synovial membrane contains:

  • dense irregular connective tissue
  • a large quantity of collagen fibers in bundles
  • simple cuboidal epithelium that secretes synovial fluid
  • loose connective tissue
A

loose connective tissue

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70
Q

the motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it are referred to as_

  • myofibrils
  • sarcolemma
  • meuromuscular junction
  • motor end plate
  • a motor unit
  • sarcomere
A

a motor unit

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71
Q

_ is a subcutaneous layer of dense connective tissue that is wrapped around groups of skeletal muscles

A

fascia

72
Q

_ is the thin filament involved in skeletal muscle contraction

A

actin

73
Q

all symphyses occur in the midline of the body. t/f

A

true

74
Q

is a muscle contracts and its fibers does not shorten, the contraction is isometric. t/f

A

true

75
Q

anaerobic cellular respiration makes more ATP from glucose than aerobic respiration. t/f

A

false

76
Q

structures most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are:

  • tendons
  • articular carilages
  • synovial membranes
  • ligaments
A

ligaments

77
Q

Which of the following statements about muscle types is not true?

  • red muscles are postural muscles.
  • red muscles fatigue slower than white.
  • red muscles contract more slowly than white.
  • red muscles contain more myoglobin than white.
  • none of the above (all of the answers are correct)
A

none of the above

78
Q

a _ is fibrocartilage disk that partially or completely divide synovial joints into two compartments

  • synovial membrane
  • joint capsule
  • meniscus
  • bursa
A

meniscus

79
Q

A good description for a hinge joint is:

  • flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces
  • one articulating surface is convex and fits into the other surface which is concave
  • oval-shaped projection fits into an oval depression
  • one bone articulates with another like a rider in a saddle
  • the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement
A

one articulating surface is convex and fits into the other surface when is concave

80
Q

which of the following statements about slow oxidative muscles is not true?

  • are red
  • are postural
  • fatigue fast
  • generate ATP as needed
A

fatigue fast

81
Q

_ joints have no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen

A

fibrous

82
Q

the muscle fibers that are oxidative and resistant to fatigue are the slow and fast_ fibers

A

oxidative

83
Q

anabolic steroids can cause cancer and should not be taken by athletes. t/f

A

true

84
Q

acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme responsible for initiating muscle contraction. t/f

A

false

85
Q

medial and lateral menisci are found in the joint cavity of the elbow. t/f

A

false

86
Q

Which of the following terms and descriptions is not correctly paired?

  • epiphysis–expanded portion at each end of a bone
  • menisci–fibrocartilage disks that divides synovial joints into two compartments
  • flexion–bending of joints to decrease the angle between bones
  • latent period–time between stimulus and response
  • abduction–movement of body parts toward the midline
A

abduction- movement of body parts toward the midline

87
Q

which joint could be called a saddle joint?

  • wrist joint
  • knee joint
  • hip joint
  • between atlas and dens of axis
  • between trapezium and first metacarpal
A

between trapezium and first metacarpal

88
Q

which of the following is true of myosin?

  • it Is located in the A band of the sarcomere
  • is binds to tropomyosin during contraction
  • it forms thick filaments
  • has a calcium binding site
  • a, b and c
  • a and c
  • b and d
  • all of the above
A

a and c

89
Q

the action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is:

  • pronation
  • supination
  • inversion
  • eversion
A

supination

90
Q

_ must bone the myosin head in order for it to bine actin

A

ATP

91
Q

_ is a result of over exercised muscles which lose they abilities to contract

A

muscle fatigue

92
Q

there is no scientific evidence that suggests that creatine supplements actually increase muscle development. t/f

A

true

93
Q

the hinge joint is the joint that allows for the most possible movements. t/f

A

false

94
Q

smooth muscle is affected by both acetylcholine and norepinephrine. t/f

A

true

95
Q

which structures of the synovial joint absorbs shock from external forces that are placed on it?

  • articular cartilage
  • synovial fluid
  • hyaline cartilage covering the articulating surface of bones
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

96
Q

The strength of movement produced by a muscle depends upon how close to the joint it is attached. A muscle attached farther away will produce a more powerful movement than one attached nearer the joint.

  • both statements are true.
  • both statements are false.
  • statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false.
  • statement 2 is true; statement 1 is false.
A

both statements are true

97
Q

compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle differs in that it:

  • contracts for shorter period of time
  • has a short refractory period
  • has a different arrangement of thick and thin filaments
  • has branching cells
A

has branching cells

98
Q

Which of the following is not a synovial joint?

  • condyloid
  • gomphosis
  • gliding
  • saddle
  • suture
  • pivot
  • condyloid and gomphosis
  • gomphosis and gliding
  • gomphosis and saddle
  • gomphosis and suture
A

gomphosis and suture

99
Q

a sustained minimal contraction in a skeletal muscle that does not produce movement is called muscle_

A

tone

100
Q

the _ ligament limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur

A

anterior cruciate

101
Q

a bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle cells is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium. t/f

A

true

102
Q

if a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the contraction is isotonic. t/f

A

true

103
Q

the surfaces of the bones at a gliding joint perform the movements of:

  • side to side movements
  • rotation
  • flexion and extension
  • all of the above
A

side to side movement

104
Q

the respiratory pigment responsible for the reddish brown color is skeletal muscle and oxygen storage is called?

  • hemoglobin
  • myoglobin
  • calcitonin
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
A

myoglobin

105
Q

_ is a bacterial infection causing severe pain in the joints

  • arthritis
  • gout
  • lyme disease
  • bursitis
  • osteoporosis
A

Lyme disease

106
Q

fibrous connective tissue firmly holds the articular surfaces of bones together in:

  • fibrous joints
  • cartilaginous joints
  • synovial joints
  • all of the above
A

fibrous joints

107
Q

the _ is only where actin and myosin overlap

  • I bands
  • A band
  • H zone
  • H zone and A band
  • Z line to Z line
A

A band

108
Q

_ is the respiratory pigment found in muscle cells which pulls in and stores oxygen for use during contraction

A

myoglobin

109
Q

_ is hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating surface of bone reducing the friction

A

articular cartilage

110
Q

a union of a cone shaped bony process in a body socket held together by a periodontal ligament is a gomphosis. t/f

A

true

111
Q

During an isotonic contraction of a muscle, the muscle shortens while the tension in the muscle increases, as in straightening the legs when rising from a sitting position to a standing position. t.f

A

false

112
Q

a tremor is a painful spasmodic contraction. t/f

A

false

113
Q

the _ is the actual space between the axon and the sarcolemma

  • neuromuscular junction
  • motor end plate
  • aaxon terminus
  • synaptic vesicles
  • synaptic cleft
A

synaptic cleft

114
Q

_ is a storage molecule which can transfer stored energy to ADP making ATP

  • myosin
  • glycogen
  • myoglobin
  • creatine phosphate
A

creatine phosphate

115
Q

identify the description that matched acetylcholine receptors

  • proteins of axon membrane
  • proteins of motor end plate
  • proteins found on the axon terminus
  • proteins found in the synaptic cleft
A

proteins of motor end plate

116
Q

the origin of muscle is_

  • attached to the largest bone
  • on the immovable or fixed end of bone
  • the movable end of the muscle
  • the prime mover
A

on the immovable or fixed end of the bone

117
Q

the _ is a fluid filled closed sacs containing synovial fluid located between skin and underlying bone which cushions and aids in movement of tendons

A

bursa

118
Q

the specialized region of sarcolemma that is located at a neuromuscular junction is called the _

A

motor end plate

119
Q

ATP is required for dissociation of myosin from actin during the muscle contraction. t/f

A

true

120
Q

biofeedback can control some smooth muscle contraction. t/f

A

true

121
Q

the range motion at a joint depends upon the point of attachment of the muscle and the length of its fibers. t/f

A

true

122
Q

the ability of muscle tissue to be stretched without being damages is:

  • elasticity
  • extensibility
  • excitability
  • contractibility
A

extensibility

123
Q

Place the following events in the correct order: 1) ACh is released into the synaptic cleft; 2) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane; 3) A muscle action potential is triggered; 4) An action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb; and 5) ACh binds to receptors in the motor end plate.

  • 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
  • 4, 3, 1, 2, 5
  • 1, 2, 4, 3, 5
  • 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
A

4, 2, 1, 5, 3

124
Q

the primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is:

  • rotation
  • circumduction
  • abduction and adduction
  • all of the above
A

rotation

125
Q

identify the characteristic of smooth muscle tissue

  • no transverse tubules
  • no muscle tone
  • has transverse tubules
  • has sarcomeres
  • no sarcomeres
  • a and d
  • a and e
A

a and e

126
Q

the two types of smooth muscle are:

  • visceral and parietal
  • red and white
  • visceral and multiunit
  • radial and circular
A

visceral and multiunit

127
Q

this protein blocks the myosin head from binding to actin when the muscle is at rest. _

A

tropomyosin

128
Q

_ joints have no synovial cavity and the b ones are held together by cartilage

A

cartilaginous

129
Q

a motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called a motor unit. t/f

A

true

130
Q

neurotransmitters are housed within the synaptic cleft. t/f

A

false

131
Q

all fibrous joints are synarthrotic, that is they are immovable. t/f

A

false

132
Q

neurotransmitter receptors are found where on the sarcolemma?

  • transverse tubules
  • motor end plate
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • muscle filaments
A

motor end plate

133
Q

which of the following as a synovial joint?

  • syndesmosis
  • pivot
  • symphysis
  • synchondrosis
  • gomphosis
A

pivot

134
Q

a union of a cone shaped bony process in body socket held by periodontal ligament is a_

  • symphysis
  • syndesmosis
  • gomphosis
  • suture
A

gomphosis

135
Q

concerning diarthroses, one may speculate that as mobility increases_ decreases

  • the number of ligaments
  • the amount of synovial fluid
  • range of motion
  • stability
A

stability

136
Q

a fibrous joint in which adjacent bones grow together and unite in a sutural ligament is a _

  • symphysis
  • syndesmosis
  • synchondrosis
  • gomphosis
  • suture
A

suture

137
Q

_ are stored in synaptic vesicles within the motor neuron ending and are released into the synaptic cleft allowing them to bind receptors on the motor end plate

A

neurotransmitters

138
Q

calcium releases from the _ during skeletal muscle contraction

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

139
Q

the saddle joint is the joint that allows for the most possible movement. t/f

A

false

140
Q

tetany is a forceful, sustained muscle contraction. t/f

A

true

141
Q

cardicac muscle tissue may be classified as visceral or multiunit muscle. t/f

A

false

142
Q

which of the following statements about aging and joints is false?

  • production os synovial fluid decreases
  • ligaments shorten and become less flexible
  • articular cartilage thickens
  • osteoarthritis is evident in almost everyone over age 70
A

articular cartilage thickens

143
Q

most skeletal muscles produce movement as a component of a _ class lever

  • first
  • second
  • third
  • fourth
A

third

144
Q

visceral smooth muscle_

  • is composed of sheets of muscle cells
  • tends to display rhythmicity
  • occur in walls of stomach and intestines
  • fibers stimulate each other
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

145
Q

The origin of a muscle is ____ , while the insertion of a muscle is ____.

  • attached to the largest bone, attached to the smallest bone.
  • attached to the smallest bone, attached to the largest bone.
  • on the immovable or fixed end of the bone, the end of the muscle moving the attached bone.
  • the end of the muscle moving the attached bone, on the immovable or fixed end of the bone.
  • the prime mover, synergist.
  • the synergist; the antagonist.
A

on the immovable or fixed and of the bone, the end of the muscle moving the attached bone

146
Q

identify the description that matches slow oxidative fibers

  • largest in diameter
  • smallest in diameter
  • they are white fibers
  • they are red fibers
  • a and c
  • a and d
  • b and c
  • b and d
A

b and d

147
Q

the name of the type of joint were a tooth fits into a socket is_

A

gomphosis

148
Q

_ joints allow for the most possible movements

A

ball and socket

149
Q

muscular atrophy is the wasting away of muscles. t/f

A

true

150
Q

cardiac muscle cells contain more mitochondria than do skeletal muscle cells. t/f

A

true

151
Q

opposition is a movement of the human thumb that is important for the utilization of tools. t/f

A

true

152
Q

Both acetylcholine and norepinephrine can affect ____.

  • smooth muscle contraction.
  • skeletal muscle contraction.
  • cardiac muscle contraction.
  • both smooth and cardiac muscle contraction.
  • both skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction.
  • both smooth and skeletal muscle contraction
A

both smooth and cardiac muscle contraction

153
Q

Identify the description that matches fast glycolytic fibers.

  • adapted for intense movements of short duration, such as weight lifting
  • adapted for maintaining posture and endurance-type activities
  • red fibers containing lots of myoglobin
  • have a large number of mitochondria
A

adapted for intense movements of short duration, such as weight lifting

154
Q

The ____________ protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the resting state, while the ____________ protein has direct contact with actin in a muscle in the contracting state.

  • tropomyosin; myosin
  • myosin; troponin
  • titin; tropomyosin
  • troponin; myomesin
A

tropomyosin, myosin

155
Q

which of the following statements about fast twitch (fast glycolytic fibers) muscles is true?

  • are red
  • are postural
  • fatigue slowly
  • a poorer blood supply
  • can generate can not generate ATP
A

a poorer blood supply

156
Q

Which of the following correctly describes abduction?

  • movement of joints to increase the angle between bones
  • movement of joints to decrease the angle between bones
  • movement of body parts away from the midline
  • movement of body parts toward the midline
  • pivot
A

movement of body parts away from the midline

157
Q

_ is the built in rhythmic activity of cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle tissue

A

autorhythmicity

158
Q

the joints between the true ribs and the sternum are syndesmoses. t/f

A

false

159
Q

interphalangeal joints are synovial joints at which flexion and extension occur. t/f

A

true

160
Q

The articular cartilage: 1) consists of two layers; an outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue and an inner layer of loose connective tissue, 2) firmly unites the articulating bones, 3) shields the surfaces of the articulating bones at a synovial joint, 4) helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint.

  • 1, 2, 3
  • 2, 3, 4
  • 3, 4
  • 1, 2
A

3, 4

161
Q

a motor unit is defined as_

  • many myofibrils within a sarcolemma
  • many motor end plates within a neuromuscular junction
  • a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it
  • the functional unit of a muscle fiber
A

a motor neuron and the muscle fibers connected to it

162
Q

a _ is a stretched or partially torn muscle and tendon

  • sprain
  • torn cartilage
  • strain
  • dislocation
  • bursitis
A

strain

163
Q

A good description for a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint is:

  • flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces
  • one articulating surface is convex and fits into the other surface which is concave
  • oval-shaped projection fits into an oval depression
  • one bone articulates with another like a rider in a saddle

the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement

A

oval shaped projection fits into an oval depression

164
Q

which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the only movements?

  • pivot and monaxial joints
  • hinge and monaxial joints
  • pivot and biaxial joints
  • hinge and biaxial joints
A

hinge and monaxial joints

165
Q

during contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber:

  • the thick filaments meet at the center of the sarcomere
  • the sarcomere length does not change
  • myosin heads meet at the center of the sarcomere
  • myosin cross bridges move the thin filaments so that their ends meet or overlap in the center of the sarcomere
A

myosin cross bridges move the thin filaments so that their ends meet or overlap in the center of the sarcomere

166
Q

which joint shows a pivot motion?

  • between tarsal bones
  • knee joint
  • hip joint
  • between atlas and dens of axis
  • between trapezium and first metacarpal
A

between atlas and dens of axis

167
Q

bones of a synovial joint are held together by a _

  • synovial membrane
  • joint capsule
  • meniscus
  • bursa
A

joint capsule

168
Q

which of the following statements about muscle types is true?

  • red muscles contract much faster than white
  • red muscles contain less myoglobin that white
  • red muscles are not postural muscles
  • red muscles fatigue much slower than white
A

red muscles fatigue much slower than white

169
Q

which is a correct statement?

  • a myofiber contains myofibrils
  • a myofibril contains thick and thin filaments
  • thick and thin filaments are arranged into sarcomeres
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

170
Q

an increase (hypertrophy) or decrease (atrophy) in muscle size is due to:

  • increased or decreased numbers of muscle cells
  • increased or decreased deposition of adipose tissue
  • increased or decreased size of skeletal muscle fibers
  • both a and c
A

increased or decreased size of skeletal muscle fibers

171
Q

A good description for a ball-and-socket joint is:

  • a bone rotates around its long axis as it articulates within a ring of bone and ligament
  • one articulating surface is convex and fits into the other surface which is concave
  • oval-shaped projection fits into an oval depression
  • one bone articulates with another like a rider in a saddle
  • the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement
A

the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement

172
Q

which type of joint has the most movement?

  • synarthrosis
  • diarthrosis
  • gomphosis
  • syndesmosis
A

diarthrosis

173
Q 
_ is the time following contraction before muscle can respond again
-contraction period
-refractory period
latent period
-relaxation period
A

refractory period

174
Q

muscles that resist the prime movers action are called?

  • synergists
  • antagonists
  • isotonic
  • isometric
A

antagonists

175
Q

a _ is a contraction creating tension but the muscles remain the same length

  • synergist
  • antagonist
  • isotonic
  • isometric
A

isometric

176
Q

which of the following is not a synovial joint?

  • condyloid
  • gomphosis
  • hinge
  • saddle
A

gomphosis

177
Q

a good description for a plantar joint is:

  • flat or slightly curves articulating surfaces
  • one articulating surface is convex and fits into the other surface which is concave
  • oval shaped projection fits into an oval depression
  • one bone articulates with another like a rider in a saddle
  • the only synovial joint that allows triaxial movement
A

flat or slightly curves articulating surfaces

A&P 1 lecture (6 decks)

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