section 1 quiz Flashcards
a hypertonic solution would have net movement of water into a cell. true or false?
false
a hypertonic solution would have net movement of water out of the cell. t/f
false
cardiac muscle is involuntary. t/f
true
Most tissues in the body will repair if given proper nutrition and a blood source. t/f
true
what is true about the dermis?
its thicker than epidermis, it docent contain adipose, it contains all 4 types of tissue
what system regulates body activities by releasing hormones?
endocrine system
what is defined as a group of cell with a similar structure and function?
tissue
what is not true about phospholipids?
they are a major energy storage lipid
the ability of a cell membrane to recognize potentially dangerous foreign cells is due to membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids is known as ?
cell identify markers
a small cell has less surface are and cell activity for its weight and volume. t/f
false
less surface area has more cell activity for its weight or volume. t/f
false
sarcomas are a kind of cancer originating from epithelial tissue. t/f
false
skeletal muscle has intercalated disks. t/f
false
what is another name for the subcutaneous layer?
hypodermis
in connective tissue, the matrix consists of?
protein fibers and ground substance
what pigment absorbs UV light?
melanin
what type of lipid is used by the body to create hormones?
Cholesterol
Which type of epithelial cells are generally thin and flat?
squamous
Extracellular fluid found in the joints is called aqueous humor. t/f
false
Sarcomas are a kind of cancer originating from connective tissue. t/f
true
A small cell has more surface area and cell activity for its weight and volume. t/f
true
A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:
childbirth
which of the following is true about hair follicles?
found within the dermis, has a muscle associated with it, color is determined by melanocyte, and made up of dead epithelial tissue
On a DNA molecule a guanine base (binds to) will form a hydrogen bond with
- a uracil base
- a adenine
- a phosphate group
- a thymine base
- a cytosine base
a cytosine base
the heart is located in which body cavity?
pericardial
where are visceral membranes found?
surrounding organs
Neuroglial cells are the primary cells of the nervous system. t/f
false
A large cell has less surface and less cell activity for its weight and volume. t/f
true
Sudoriferous glands secrete oil. t/f
false
Which of the following organelles has its function correctly described?
Golgi apparatus is responsible for protein synthesis
nucleolus is responsible for ATP synthesis
mitochondrion is responsible for ribosome synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis
What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid?
fatty acid tails
in an RNA molecule, uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. t/f
true
epithelium is the only secretory tissue type. t/f
true
ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the
the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
This layer is composed mainly of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.
dermis
These are immature, undifferentiated cells that can
divide to replace lost or damaged cells
stem cells parenchyma fibrosis granular tissue adhesions
stem cells
The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. t/f
true
Sebaceous glands are sweat glands.t/f
false
Lactose is an example of which type of carbohydrate?
disaccharide
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
lactose is not a carbohydrate
disaccharide
The monomer unit for a protein is composed of two functional groups, they are:
- an amino acid and nitrogenous base
- an amino group and a ribose sugar
- an amino group and a carboxyl group
- an amino group and phosphorus
an amino group and a carboxyl (carboxylic acid) group
When a cell uses its membrane to release particles this is referred to as
- exocytosis
- active Transport
- endocytosis
- phagocytosis
- both active and endo
- both endo and phago
exocytosis
what are epidermal cells that produce a protein that water proofs the cells.
keratinocyte
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins. t/f
true
neurons can not reproduce. t/f
true
In a DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with what other nitrogenous base?
thymine
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
- cytoskeleton
- mitochondria
- golgi comlex
- ribosome
ribosome
This is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts.
- sweat
- lanugo
- vellus
- sebum
- mucous
sebum
what is when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and its contents are expelled outside of the cell?
exocytosis
epithelial cells are separated by a matrix. t/f
false
muscle cells are separated by a matrix. t/f
false
which muscle tissues have striated fibers?
skeletal and cardiac
what is formed from nucleotides?
rna and dna
Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found in the body?
small intestine
epithelium is attached to connective tissue by a basement membrane. t/f
true
in which cavity are the lungs located?
pleural cavity
Epithelia tissue forms the covering and linings of the body; which of the following characteristic of epithelia are correct?
- epithelia tissue is avascular
- epithelia tissue can regenerate rapidly
- epithelia tissue is attached at the basement membrane
- epithelia cells are closely packed and the cells are tightly adhered to one another
Water is polar covalently bonded, which of the following statement is true of water?
the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative
Plasma membranes consist of what three components?
Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol
connective tissue is a vascular tissue. t/f
true
epithelium tissue is an avascular tissue. t/f
true
This type of membrane lines a body cavity that does NOT open directly to the outside.
serous
This layer consists on average of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes.
stratum corner
what are plasma membrane proteins that allow passages of ions like Na+ across the membrane.
channels
muscle tissue can reproduce. t/f
false
Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion. t/f
true
the monomer unit of a protein
- glycerol
- fatty acid
- nucleotide
- simple sugar
- amino acid
is an amino acid
what are junctions found in cardiac muscle fibers to speed muscle conduction.
intercalated disc
Most neurons are composed of a cell body and two processes; axons and dendrites. t/f
true
connective tissues do not include
liver cells
what is not true about hair follicles?
its made up of dead connective tissues
This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid.
- integral proteins
- peripheral proteins
- transmembrane proteins
- surface proteins
- integral and transmembrane
- peripheral and surface
Integral proteins and Transmembrane proteins
Adipose is found within the subcutaneous layer of the skin. t/f
true
Which fibers are seen in embedded in the matrix of connective tissue?
elastic, reticular and collagen
Skeletal muscle has more than one nuclei per muscle cell. t/f
true
These are specific groups of atoms that give molecules specific properties.
functional groups
In an RNA molecule, uracil replaces thymine found in DNA.
t/f
true
what does the mitochondria do?
- move the cell
- generate atp
- produce proteins
- oxidize organelles
- synthesize glycolipids
generate ATP
albinism is the absence of?
melanin
Skeletal muscle has more than one nuclei per muscle cell. t/f
true
keratinization is the process of what?
cells accumulating keratin
the secretions of what glands enter the interstitial fluid and then diffuse directly into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct
mucous
which type of tissue protects and supports the body and its organs?
connective
what is the function of RNA?
transfer information for protein synthesis
tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of?
dense fibrous connective tissue
pariental membranes are found?
around cavity
If the solute concentration is greater in the solution on the inside of the cell, compared to the solute concentration of the solution that is outside the cell, then what direction will water move?
into the cell
keratin
a protein
which type of solution has a solute concentration higher than that of its body cell?
hypertonic
what molecules are hydrophilic and are attracted to water?
polar
biofeedback involves the voluntary control of which muscle type?
smooth
the fiber in connective tissue that imparts the greatest strength is?
collagen fibers
what type of gland is a branching acinar gland connected to a hair follicle?
Sebaceous
which portion of a hair projects through the skin/
shaft
what is the organelle that houses the chromatin material?
nucleus
what gland is responsible for release of the entire cell and its contents?
holocrine
spongy bone lacks?
osteons
what are plasma membrane proteins that bind specific chemical messengers causing a cellular response?
receptor
what is the type of bond between the atoms forming water?
polar covalent
which type of gland secretes an oily substance called sebum?
sebaceous
the function of _ is to store triglycerides
adipocytes
protein in the plasma membrane function as?
ion channels, cell recognition markers, enzymes and receptors
the visceral pleura is a membrane found?
surrounding lungs
what is true about tendons?
they have poor blood supply and connects muscle to bone
membranes lining body cavities which lack opening to the outside world?
serous
when a cell uses its membrane to engulf food particles this is referred to as?
endocytosis and phagocytosis
the matrix in blood tissue is?
plasma
what are similar organelles found floating throughout the cytoplasm that manufacture proteins?
ribosome
how many layers are found in pseudo stratified columnar epithelial?
1
what tissue has more than one nucleus and is voluntary?
skeletal muscle
passive membrane transport processes include?
movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
what membrane lines the abdominal cavity?
parietal peritoneum
which of the statements are not true for the epidermis?
it contains glands, nerve fibers, blood vessels and adipose
which layer of the epidermis undergoes rapid cell division to regenerate the skin?
stratum basale
where is the most common location for adipose tissue?
subcutaneous layer of the skin
what tissue forms glands?
stratified cuboidal epithelial
which of the following plays an important role in thermoregulation?
sweat glands
Dietary glucose is transported into a cell against its concentration gradient with the aid of Na+/glucose symporters (transporters), this is an example of
active transport
the major lipid used to make cell membranes is ?
phospholipid
what is a negatively charged atom?
ion
lysosomes are organelles filed with?
hydrolytic enzymes
what type of lipid is the body long term energy storage molecule?
triglyceride
carbohydrates are?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
the major energy storage polysaccharide in humans is?
glycogen
in a typical body solution, the solvent is?
water
This ribosome studded series of flattened sacs that is continuous with the nuclear membrane and functions to produce secretory proteins, and membrane proteins is the
rough endoplasmic reticulum
what is the function of DNA?
provide a map for protein synthesis
a chemical reaction in which two atoms join together is what type of reaction?
synthesis
what is when a membrane reached out engulfing molecules near the center surface and pinches off inside the cell forming a vesicle?
pinocytosis
synthesis of protein is accomplished by?
replication and transcription
what is a transport process by which cells take up extracellular substances within vesicles?
endocytosis
thick skin?
- Is found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips
- Does not contain hair follicles
- Contains more sweat glands than thin skin
- Contain epidermal ridges
constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus which is the thickening of what layer?
stratum corneum
which of the following is an example of an apocrine gland?
mammary gland
what are fluid filled eccrine glands found all over the skin?
sudoriferous gland
place the following in the correct sequence from the simplest to the most complex
- tissue
- organism
- organ
- chemical
- organ system
- cellular
4,6,1,3,5,2
the visceral peritoneum is found?
line abdominal organs
which of the following glands are responsible for the release of their secretory products and small bits of cells?
apocrine
DNA is packaged in units called?
Chromosomes
the stratum lucidum?
is present only in thick skin
which of the following would be found in the bladder?
transitional epithelial
what membrane lines the heart/
visceral pericardium
which abdominopelvic quadrant contains the stomach?
left upper
This skin structure acts to prevent water loss as well as inhibiting bacterial growth on the surface of the skin.
oil glands
when a cel uses its membrane to engulf water molecules its referred to as
both pinocytosis and endocytosis
what organelles are filled with hydrolytic enzymes?
lysosome
what organelle modifies proteins produced elsewhere?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is a function of a membrane protein that binds with hormones and neurotransmitters?
receptors
what epidermal cells that produce a pigment that protects you from the suns uv rays
melanocyte
which of the following is a monosaccharide that is important in producing energy?
glucose
This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis
stratum granulosum
These proteins are responsible for movement of larger molecules like glucose across the plasma membrane.
carriers
what type of bond requires a sharing of electrons
covalent
which of the following are found in the dorsal cavity?
brain and spine
the function of the secretions of the serous membrane is to?
reduce friction between organs
what molecules are hydrophobic and are repelled by water
nonpolar
which part of the neuron is the output portion?
axon
what are exocrine glands that release the entire cell and its contents?
holocrine glands
what organelle contains ribosomes which synthesis proteins?
rough ER
striated refers to?
stripes
what monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?
nucleotide
Suppose that a triplet strand has the following nucleotide sequence: TACCTCATATCGATTCAAGTTA. The fifth codon would be:
- TAA
- UAA
- GTA
- AGC
UAA
If monosaccharides undergo anabolic reactions they may form
starch and glucose
this type of exocrine gland accumulates their product in their cytosol
holocrine
which is the function of ATP?
stores and transfers energy for cell functions
what covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen?
serous membrane
the skin layer that distinguishes thin skin from thick skin is the
stratum lucidum
as an atom decays it will emit radiation this is seen in?
isotopes
lysosome
contains hydrolytic enzymes for macromolecule digestion
this type of triglyceride contains more than one double bond in the fatty acid carbon atoms
Polyunsaturated
A cell makes a protein used in another organ. Which of the following pathways best describes the path of the protein from synthesis to exocytosis through the cell’s plasma membrane?
rough ER to Golgi to plasma membrane
what are associated with each hair, producing globules of fat and cell debris which is secreted through ducts to keep hair and skin soft, pliable, and mostly waterproof.
sebaceous glands
what tissue lines the respiratory tract?
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
the epidermis contains four principle cells, about 90% of the epidermal cells are/
keratinocyte
