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A&P 1 lecture > section 1 quiz > Flashcards

section 1 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

a hypertonic solution would have net movement of water into a cell. true or false?

A

false

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2
Q

a hypertonic solution would have net movement of water out of the cell. t/f

A

false

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3
Q

cardiac muscle is involuntary. t/f

A

true

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4
Q

Most tissues in the body will repair if given proper nutrition and a blood source. t/f

A

true

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5
Q

what is true about the dermis?

A

its thicker than epidermis, it docent contain adipose, it contains all 4 types of tissue

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6
Q

what system regulates body activities by releasing hormones?

A

endocrine system

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7
Q

what is defined as a group of cell with a similar structure and function?

A

tissue

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8
Q

what is not true about phospholipids?

A

they are a major energy storage lipid

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9
Q

the ability of a cell membrane to recognize potentially dangerous foreign cells is due to membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids is known as ?

A

cell identify markers

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10
Q

a small cell has less surface are and cell activity for its weight and volume. t/f

A

false

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11
Q

less surface area has more cell activity for its weight or volume. t/f

A

false

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12
Q

sarcomas are a kind of cancer originating from epithelial tissue. t/f

A

false

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13
Q

skeletal muscle has intercalated disks. t/f

A

false

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14
Q

what is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

A

hypodermis

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15
Q

in connective tissue, the matrix consists of?

A

protein fibers and ground substance

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16
Q

what pigment absorbs UV light?

A

melanin

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17
Q

what type of lipid is used by the body to create hormones?

A

Cholesterol

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18
Q

Which type of epithelial cells are generally thin and flat?

A

squamous

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19
Q

Extracellular fluid found in the joints is called aqueous humor. t/f

A

false

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20
Q

Sarcomas are a kind of cancer originating from connective tissue. t/f

A

true

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21
Q

A small cell has more surface area and cell activity for its weight and volume. t/f

A

true

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22
Q

A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:

A

childbirth

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23
Q

which of the following is true about hair follicles?

A

found within the dermis, has a muscle associated with it, color is determined by melanocyte, and made up of dead epithelial tissue

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24
Q

On a DNA molecule a guanine base (binds to) will form a hydrogen bond with

  • a uracil base
  • a adenine
  • a phosphate group
  • a thymine base
  • a cytosine base
A

a cytosine base

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25
Q

the heart is located in which body cavity?

A

pericardial

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26
Q

where are visceral membranes found?

A

surrounding organs

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27
Q

Neuroglial cells are the primary cells of the nervous system. t/f

A

false

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28
Q

A large cell has less surface and less cell activity for its weight and volume. t/f

A

true

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29
Q

Sudoriferous glands secrete oil. t/f

A

false

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30
Q

Which of the following organelles has its function correctly described?
Golgi apparatus — is responsible for protein synthesis

nucleolus — is responsible for ATP synthesis

mitochondrion — is responsible for ribosome synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum — is responsible for lipid synthesis

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum — is responsible for lipid synthesis

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31
Q

What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid?

A

fatty acid tails

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32
Q

in an RNA molecule, uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. t/f

A

true

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33
Q

epithelium is the only secretory tissue type. t/f

A

true

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34
Q

ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the

A

the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

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35
Q

This layer is composed mainly of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.

A

dermis

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36
Q

These are immature, undifferentiated cells that can
divide to replace lost or damaged cells

stem cells
parenchyma
fibrosis
granular tissue
adhesions
A

stem cells

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37
Q

The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. t/f

A

true

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38
Q

Sebaceous glands are sweat glands.t/f

A

false

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39
Q

Lactose is an example of which type of carbohydrate?

disaccharide
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
lactose is not a carbohydrate

A

disaccharide

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40
Q

The monomer unit for a protein is composed of two functional groups, they are:

  • an amino acid and nitrogenous base
  • an amino group and a ribose sugar
  • an amino group and a carboxyl group
  • an amino group and phosphorus
A

an amino group and a carboxyl (carboxylic acid) group

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41
Q

When a cell uses its membrane to release particles this is referred to as

  • exocytosis
  • active Transport
  • endocytosis
  • phagocytosis
  • both active and endo
  • both endo and phago
A

exocytosis

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42
Q

what are epidermal cells that produce a protein that water proofs the cells.

A

keratinocyte

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43
Q

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins. t/f

A

true

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44
Q

neurons can not reproduce. t/f

A

true

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45
Q

In a DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with what other nitrogenous base?

A

thymine

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46
Q

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

  • cytoskeleton
  • mitochondria
  • golgi comlex
  • ribosome
A

ribosome

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47
Q

This is a mixture of triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins and inorganic salts.

  • sweat
  • lanugo
  • vellus
  • sebum
  • mucous
A

sebum

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48
Q

what is when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and its contents are expelled outside of the cell?

A

exocytosis

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49
Q

epithelial cells are separated by a matrix. t/f

A

false

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50
Q

muscle cells are separated by a matrix. t/f

A

false

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51
Q

which muscle tissues have striated fibers?

A

skeletal and cardiac

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52
Q

what is formed from nucleotides?

A

rna and dna

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53
Q

Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found in the body?

A

small intestine

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54
Q

epithelium is attached to connective tissue by a basement membrane. t/f

A

true

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55
Q

in which cavity are the lungs located?

A

pleural cavity

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56
Q

Epithelia tissue forms the covering and linings of the body; which of the following characteristic of epithelia are correct?

A
  • epithelia tissue is avascular
  • epithelia tissue can regenerate rapidly
  • epithelia tissue is attached at the basement membrane
  • epithelia cells are closely packed and the cells are tightly adhered to one another
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57
Q

Water is polar covalently bonded, which of the following statement is true of water?

A

the nucleus of the oxygen atom attracts electrons making the oxygen end of the molecule negative

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58
Q

Plasma membranes consist of what three components?

A

Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol

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59
Q

connective tissue is a vascular tissue. t/f

A

true

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60
Q

epithelium tissue is an avascular tissue. t/f

A

true

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61
Q

This type of membrane lines a body cavity that does NOT open directly to the outside.

A

serous

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62
Q

This layer consists on average of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes.

A

stratum corner

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63
Q

what are plasma membrane proteins that allow passages of ions like Na+ across the membrane.

A

channels

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64
Q

muscle tissue can reproduce. t/f

A

false

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65
Q

Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion. t/f

A

true

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66
Q

the monomer unit of a protein

  • glycerol
  • fatty acid
  • nucleotide
  • simple sugar
  • amino acid
A

is an amino acid

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67
Q

what are junctions found in cardiac muscle fibers to speed muscle conduction.

A

intercalated disc

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68
Q

Most neurons are composed of a cell body and two processes; axons and dendrites. t/f

A

true

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69
Q

connective tissues do not include

A

liver cells

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70
Q

what is not true about hair follicles?

A

its made up of dead connective tissues

71
Q

This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid.

  • integral proteins
  • peripheral proteins
  • transmembrane proteins
  • surface proteins
  • integral and transmembrane
  • peripheral and surface
A

Integral proteins and Transmembrane proteins

72
Q

Adipose is found within the subcutaneous layer of the skin. t/f

A

true

73
Q

Which fibers are seen in embedded in the matrix of connective tissue?

A

elastic, reticular and collagen

74
Q

Skeletal muscle has more than one nuclei per muscle cell. t/f

A

true

75
Q

These are specific groups of atoms that give molecules specific properties.

A

functional groups

76
Q

In an RNA molecule, uracil replaces thymine found in DNA.

t/f

A

true

77
Q

what does the mitochondria do?

  • move the cell
  • generate atp
  • produce proteins
  • oxidize organelles
  • synthesize glycolipids
A

generate ATP

78
Q

albinism is the absence of?

A

melanin

79
Q

Skeletal muscle has more than one nuclei per muscle cell. t/f

A

true

80
Q

keratinization is the process of what?

A

cells accumulating keratin

81
Q

the secretions of what glands enter the interstitial fluid and then diffuse directly into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct

A

mucous

82
Q

which type of tissue protects and supports the body and its organs?

A

connective

83
Q

what is the function of RNA?

A

transfer information for protein synthesis

84
Q

tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of?

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

85
Q

pariental membranes are found?

A

around cavity

86
Q

If the solute concentration is greater in the solution on the inside of the cell, compared to the solute concentration of the solution that is outside the cell, then what direction will water move?

A

into the cell

87
Q

keratin

A

a protein

88
Q

which type of solution has a solute concentration higher than that of its body cell?

A

hypertonic

89
Q

what molecules are hydrophilic and are attracted to water?

A

polar

90
Q

biofeedback involves the voluntary control of which muscle type?

A

smooth

91
Q

the fiber in connective tissue that imparts the greatest strength is?

A

collagen fibers

92
Q

what type of gland is a branching acinar gland connected to a hair follicle?

A

Sebaceous

93
Q

which portion of a hair projects through the skin/

A

shaft

94
Q

what is the organelle that houses the chromatin material?

A

nucleus

95
Q

what gland is responsible for release of the entire cell and its contents?

A

holocrine

96
Q

spongy bone lacks?

A

osteons

97
Q

what are plasma membrane proteins that bind specific chemical messengers causing a cellular response?

A

receptor

98
Q

what is the type of bond between the atoms forming water?

A

polar covalent

99
Q

which type of gland secretes an oily substance called sebum?

A

sebaceous

100
Q

the function of _ is to store triglycerides

A

adipocytes

101
Q

protein in the plasma membrane function as?

A

ion channels, cell recognition markers, enzymes and receptors

102
Q

the visceral pleura is a membrane found?

A

surrounding lungs

103
Q

what is true about tendons?

A

they have poor blood supply and connects muscle to bone

104
Q

membranes lining body cavities which lack opening to the outside world?

A

serous

105
Q

when a cell uses its membrane to engulf food particles this is referred to as?

A

endocytosis and phagocytosis

106
Q

the matrix in blood tissue is?

A

plasma

107
Q

what are similar organelles found floating throughout the cytoplasm that manufacture proteins?

A

ribosome

108
Q

how many layers are found in pseudo stratified columnar epithelial?

A

1

109
Q

what tissue has more than one nucleus and is voluntary?

A

skeletal muscle

110
Q

passive membrane transport processes include?

A

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

111
Q

what membrane lines the abdominal cavity?

A

parietal peritoneum

112
Q

which of the statements are not true for the epidermis?

A

it contains glands, nerve fibers, blood vessels and adipose

113
Q

which layer of the epidermis undergoes rapid cell division to regenerate the skin?

A

stratum basale

114
Q

where is the most common location for adipose tissue?

A

subcutaneous layer of the skin

115
Q

what tissue forms glands?

A

stratified cuboidal epithelial

116
Q

which of the following plays an important role in thermoregulation?

A

sweat glands

117
Q

Dietary glucose is transported into a cell against its concentration gradient with the aid of Na+/glucose symporters (transporters), this is an example of

A

active transport

118
Q

the major lipid used to make cell membranes is ?

A

phospholipid

119
Q

what is a negatively charged atom?

A

ion

120
Q

lysosomes are organelles filed with?

A

hydrolytic enzymes

121
Q

what type of lipid is the body long term energy storage molecule?

A

triglyceride

122
Q

carbohydrates are?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

123
Q

the major energy storage polysaccharide in humans is?

A

glycogen

124
Q

in a typical body solution, the solvent is?

A

water

125
Q

This ribosome studded series of flattened sacs that is continuous with the nuclear membrane and functions to produce secretory proteins, and membrane proteins is the

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

126
Q

what is the function of DNA?

A

provide a map for protein synthesis

127
Q

a chemical reaction in which two atoms join together is what type of reaction?

A

synthesis

128
Q

what is when a membrane reached out engulfing molecules near the center surface and pinches off inside the cell forming a vesicle?

A

pinocytosis

129
Q

synthesis of protein is accomplished by?

A

replication and transcription

130
Q

what is a transport process by which cells take up extracellular substances within vesicles?

A

endocytosis

131
Q

thick skin?

A
  • Is found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips
  • Does not contain hair follicles
  • Contains more sweat glands than thin skin
  • Contain epidermal ridges
132
Q

constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus which is the thickening of what layer?

A

stratum corneum

133
Q

which of the following is an example of an apocrine gland?

A

mammary gland

134
Q

what are fluid filled eccrine glands found all over the skin?

A

sudoriferous gland

135
Q

place the following in the correct sequence from the simplest to the most complex

  1. tissue
  2. organism
  3. organ
  4. chemical
  5. organ system
  6. cellular
A

4,6,1,3,5,2

136
Q

the visceral peritoneum is found?

A

line abdominal organs

137
Q

which of the following glands are responsible for the release of their secretory products and small bits of cells?

A

apocrine

138
Q

DNA is packaged in units called?

A

Chromosomes

139
Q

the stratum lucidum?

A

is present only in thick skin

140
Q

which of the following would be found in the bladder?

A

transitional epithelial

141
Q

what membrane lines the heart/

A

visceral pericardium

142
Q

which abdominopelvic quadrant contains the stomach?

A

left upper

143
Q

This skin structure acts to prevent water loss as well as inhibiting bacterial growth on the surface of the skin.

A

oil glands

144
Q

when a cel uses its membrane to engulf water molecules its referred to as

A

both pinocytosis and endocytosis

145
Q

what organelles are filled with hydrolytic enzymes?

A

lysosome

146
Q

what organelle modifies proteins produced elsewhere?

A

Golgi apparatus

147
Q

Which of the following is a function of a membrane protein that binds with hormones and neurotransmitters?

A

receptors

148
Q

what epidermal cells that produce a pigment that protects you from the suns uv rays

A

melanocyte

149
Q

which of the following is a monosaccharide that is important in producing energy?

A

glucose

150
Q

This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis

A

stratum granulosum

151
Q

These proteins are responsible for movement of larger molecules like glucose across the plasma membrane.

A

carriers

152
Q

what type of bond requires a sharing of electrons

A

covalent

153
Q

which of the following are found in the dorsal cavity?

A

brain and spine

154
Q

the function of the secretions of the serous membrane is to?

A

reduce friction between organs

155
Q

what molecules are hydrophobic and are repelled by water

A

nonpolar

156
Q

which part of the neuron is the output portion?

A

axon

157
Q

what are exocrine glands that release the entire cell and its contents?

A

holocrine glands

158
Q

what organelle contains ribosomes which synthesis proteins?

A

rough ER

159
Q

striated refers to?

A

stripes

160
Q

what monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?

A

nucleotide

161
Q

Suppose that a triplet strand has the following nucleotide sequence: TACCTCATATCGATTCAAGTTA. The fifth codon would be:

  • TAA
  • UAA
  • GTA
  • AGC
A

UAA

162
Q

If monosaccharides undergo anabolic reactions they may form

A

starch and glucose

163
Q

this type of exocrine gland accumulates their product in their cytosol

A

holocrine

164
Q

which is the function of ATP?

A

stores and transfers energy for cell functions

165
Q

what covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen?

A

serous membrane

166
Q

the skin layer that distinguishes thin skin from thick skin is the

A

stratum lucidum

167
Q

as an atom decays it will emit radiation this is seen in?

A

isotopes

168
Q

lysosome

A

contains hydrolytic enzymes for macromolecule digestion

169
Q

this type of triglyceride contains more than one double bond in the fatty acid carbon atoms

A

Polyunsaturated

170
Q

A cell makes a protein used in another organ. Which of the following pathways best describes the path of the protein from synthesis to exocytosis through the cell’s plasma membrane?

A

rough ER to Golgi to plasma membrane

171
Q

what are associated with each hair, producing globules of fat and cell debris which is secreted through ducts to keep hair and skin soft, pliable, and mostly waterproof.

A

sebaceous glands

172
Q

what tissue lines the respiratory tract?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

173
Q

the epidermis contains four principle cells, about 90% of the epidermal cells are/

A

keratinocyte

A&P 1 lecture (6 decks)

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