Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 lecture > section 1 test > Flashcards

section 1 test Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

structure or morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

physiology

A

functions of body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can effect a persons physiology/

A

herbs and plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

metabolism

A

describes a physical and chemical reactions of body. making and breaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

movements

A

body and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

responsiveness

A

reacts tp changes in and out of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

growth

A

increases in size without change in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

reproduction

A

new organisms or new cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

respiration

A

O2 needed and CO2 removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food into simple compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

absorption

A

passage through membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

circulation

A

fluid carries substances through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

assimilation

A

changes in chemical form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

excretion

A

removes metabolic waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

environmental requirement of water

A

metabolism, transport, and regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

environmental requirements of food

A

chemical nutrients provide energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

environmental requirements of oxygen

A

needed to release energy from nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

environmental requirements of heat

A

higher temp. usually have faster chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Environmental requirements of pressure

A

Atmospheric pressure needed for breathing. heart makes blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Homeostasis

A

controls our internal environment within stable limits. feedback signals and self regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

negative feedback

A

Mechanism used to regulate homeostasis, as body moves away from set point signal is sent to be pushed back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

positive feedback

A

is movement away from a normal state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

viscera

A

organs contain within cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

appendicular

A

upper and lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

axial

A

head, neck and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

abdominal

A

stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, SI, and colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pelvic cavity

A

terminal end of colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diaphragm cavity

A

separates thoracic from abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

thoracic cavity

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mediastinum

A

located in center of thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines thoracic cavity while visceral covers lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

lines pericardial cavity, while visceral pericardium (epicardium)
covers heart. Pericardial cavity is any space between visceral pericardium and
parietal pericardium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity, while visceral peritoneum
covers each organ. All space between these two membranes is peritoneal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what organ system is for body covering

A

integumentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what organ systems are for support and movement

A

skeletal and muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what organ systems are in charge of integration and coordination

A

nervous and endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what organ system is used for transport

A

Cardiovascular and lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

reproduction

A

reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

matter

A

takes up space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

elements

A

can’t be broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

atomic symbol

A

1/2 letter name of element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

subatomic particles

A

protons, neutrons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

protons

A

1 positive charge, 1 atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

electrons

A

1 negative charge, no mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

neutrons

A

no charge, 1 atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

atomic weight

A

the combined weight of neutrons and protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons it has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

number of neutrons

A

atomic weight minus atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

isotopes

A

The number of protons remains constant in a given atom, but the number of
neutrons differs. Atomic number remains the same and the number of
neutrons changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

molecule

A

smallest part of a compound that still has properties of that compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

simple molecules

A

2 or more atoms of same element reacting with one another.

Atmospheric oxygen is not O but instead O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

ionic bonds

A

former when electrons are transferred from sone atom to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

acids

A

molecules that release H ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

bases

A

molecules that take up H ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

macromolecules

A

are polymers made up of monomers. Functional groups can then attach to polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides or simple sugars make up polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

lipids

A

Made up of fatty acids on a glycerol backbone. Insoluble in H2O they lack a
polar group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

peptides or proteins

A

amino acids are monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

nucleic acids

A

nucleotide are monomers making up DNA or RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

DNA

A

job is to make proteins

61
Q

cell

A

Cells are smallest unit of living matter. Largest is the egg. They are the structural and functional unit. Usually self-replicating.

62
Q

plasma membrane

A

regulates molecules going in and coming out

63
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules

64
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water

65
Q

tonicity

A

strength of solution in relation to osmosis

66
Q

protein carriers

A

specific and rapid transport through the membrane

67
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

68
Q

characteristics of epithelium

A
  • avascular: no blood vessels
  • readily reproduces
  • cells are located close together
69
Q

function of epithelium

A

serve as protective layer, secretory, absorption and excretion

70
Q

shape of epithelium

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional

71
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A
  1. centrally located nucleus
    2) . lines heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, alveoli, Bowman’s capsule
    3) . filtration, diffusion, osmosis, secretion
72
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

2) . lines heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, alveoli, Bowman’s capsule
3) . filtration, diffusion, osmosis, secretion

73
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

1) . nuclei near base of cell
2) . goblet cells
3) . cells with microvilli
4) . stomach to the anus – lining, ducts of some glands and gallbladder
5) . secretion and absorption

74
Q

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

1). nuclei near base
2). goblet cells
3). lines some bronchioles, uterine tubes, uterus, central canal of spinal cord,
and ventricles of brain
4). moves mucus and substances by ciliary action

75
Q

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

A

1). not really striated
2). nuclei of cells are at different levels
3). all attached to basement membrane but not all reach the apical surface
4). trachea, large ducts of glands, epididymis, and male urethra
5). secretion and movement of mucus by ciliary action, absorption and
protection

76
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

1) . basal layer cells replace cells lost on the apical surface
2) . keratinized – superficial layer of skin
3) . nonkeratinized – lines wet surfaces like the mouth
4) . protection

77
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

1) . ducts of adult sweat glands and esophageal glands and male urethra
2) . protection and little secretion and absorption

78
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

1). urethra, excretory ducts of some glands like esophageal glands, anus mucus
membrane, and conjunctiva of the eye
2). protection and secretion

79
Q

transitional epithelium

A

1) . appearance is squamous to cuboidal
2) . lines urinary bladder and part of ureter and urethra
3) . permits distension

80
Q

glandular epithelium

A

cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids

81
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete product into duct that opens onto some internal or external surface

82
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete product into tissue or fluid or blood hormones

83
Q

connective tissue characteristics

A

good blood supply, cells spaced far apart with matrix between cells.

84
Q

functions of connective tissue

A

Bind structures together, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protects against infection, and helps repair damage.

85
Q

fibroblast

A

most numerous; migrate through connective tissue and secrete

protein fibers and components of ground matrix

86
Q

adipocytes

A

adipose cells store triglycerides deep in the skin and around
organs

87
Q

mast cells

A 
produce histamine (dilates blood vessels – part of inflammatory
response), binds and kills bacteria
88
Q

macrophages

A

derived from monocytes (white blood cell), engulf bacteria and
cellular debris, responsible for part of specific immunity

89
Q

plasma cells

A

specialized B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies that

neutralizes foreign substances – specific immunity

90
Q

ground substances

A

fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, or calcified; binds
substances together and provides support and
exchange of substances

91
Q

glycosaminoglycans

A

hyaluronic acid

92
Q

fibronectin

A

main adhesion protein which bind both collagen fibers

and ground substances together

93
Q

mesenchyme

A

developing embryo and fetus

94
Q

mucos connective tissue

A

umbilical chord

95
Q

areolar connective tissue

A

i. thin delicate membranes
ii. fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, and adipocytes
iii. collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers
iv. everywhere, especially in the subcutaneous layer with adipose
v. strength, elasticity, and support

96
Q

adipose tissue

A

i. store triglycerides centrally
ii. nucleus and cytoplasm are peripheral
iii. subcutaneous layer, around heart and kidney, yellow bone marrow,
padding around joints, and behind eyeball
iv. reduces heat loss (insulate), energy reserve, cushions, supports, protects,
and brown adipose in newborns generates heat

97
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

i. network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells
ii. stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow, reticular lamina of
basement membrane, and around blood vessels and muscles
iii. forms stroma of organs, binds together smooth muscle, filters and
removes worn-out blood cells and microbes

98
Q

dense connective tissue

A

i. closely packed, thick, collagen bundles, fibroblasts between bundles
ii. tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone), aponeuroses (sheet-
like tendons – attach muscle to muscle or muscle to bone)
iii. strong attachments between structures
iv. poor blood supply – slow to heal

99
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

i. randomly arrange collagen fibers with a few fibroblasts
ii. fasciae (around muscles and organs), reticular region (deep) of the dermis,
periosteum of bone, perichondrium of cartilage, joint capsules, membrane
capsules around organs (kidneys, liver, testes, lymph nodes) and
pericardium of heart
iii. provides strength

100
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

i. elastic fibers and fibroblasts between the fibers
ii. lung, walls of arteries, trachea, bronchi, true vocal cords, suspensory
ligament of penis and ligaments between vertebrae
iii. allows for stretching of organs

101
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

i. bluish-white shiny ground substance with thin fine collagen fibers and
chondrocytes
ii. ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles, and embryonic and fetal skeleton
iii. provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, adds flexibility and
support

102
Q

fibrocartilage

A

i. chondrocytes scattered among thick bundles of collagen fibers and matrix
ii. pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, parts of tendons
inserting into cartilage – shock absorption

103
Q

elastic cartilage

A

i. chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibers and matrix
ii. epiglottis, auricle of ear, eustachian tubes
iii. support and maintain shape

104
Q

compact bone

A

ostrons containing Haversian canals

105
Q

spongy bone

A

trabeculae

106
Q

blood tissue

A

found within blood vessels and chambers of the heart

107
Q

erythrocytes

A

transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide

108
Q

leukocytes

A

phagocytosis

109
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets clot blood

110
Q

lymph tissue

A

found in lymphatic vessels and in the tissue

111
Q

muscle tissue characteristics

A

muscle fibers, contractile movement, cannot reproduce

112
Q

muscle tissue skeletal

A

fibers (striations), voluntary movement, many nuclei on periphery

113
Q

cardiac muscle

A

strained, involuntary, usually 1 nuclei, intercalated disk, desmosomes, gap junctions

114
Q

smooth muscle

A

no striations, involuntary movement, 1 nucleus, walls of hallow organs, gap junctions

115
Q

nervous tissue

A

found in brain, spinal chord, muscles or glands

116
Q

neurons

A

-cell body or soma
-one axon (message out)
-multiple dendrites (message in)
-action potential
can’t reproduce

117
Q

neuroglia cells

A

support and bind tissue

- neurons are not nerves

118
Q

serous membranes

A

-lines body cavity that lack opening

119
Q

mucous membranes

A

-lines cavities and tubes that open to the outside

120
Q

synovial membranes

A

-inner lining of joint cavities

121
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin

122
Q

integumentary system functions

A
  • body temp.
  • protect body
  • excretes waste and absorbs substances, vitamin D
123
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin, keratinized, no blood vessels

124
Q

keratinocytes

A

905 skin cells, thicken, form tight layer, keratinize

125
Q

melanocytes

A

melanin absorbs damaging Uv rays

126
Q

langerhans cells

A

small amount. bone marrow.

127
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest
a. single row of cuboidal and columnar keratinocytes
b. some are stem cells – reproduction
c. tonofilaments attach to desmosomes binding cells to each other and cells of the
spinosum
d. melanocytes and Merkel cells scattered among keratinocytes

128
Q

stratum spinousum

A

thick

a. 8-10 layers of keratinocytes fitting close together
b. adds strength and flexibility
c. Langerhans cells and melanocyte projections

129
Q

stratum granulosum

A

a. 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergo apoptosis – genetically
programmed cell death
b. keratinocytes have lamellar granules that release a lipid rich secretion filling
spaces between granulosum, lucidum, and corneum
c. mark between metabolically active cells and dead superficial cells

130
Q

stratum lucidum

A

a. only in thick skin
b. 3-5 layers of flattened clear dead keratinocytes
c. large amounts of keratin

131
Q

stratum corneum

A

a. 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes
b. continuously shed and replaced from deeper strata
c. mostly keratin internally
d. lamellar granules between cells – effective as water repellent barrier
e. constant friction forms callus – abnormally thickening

132
Q

basement membrane

A

separates epidermis from dermis

133
Q

dermis

A

thicker than epidermis and contains fibrous connective, blood vessels,
epithelial, smooth muscle, glands, hair follicles, and nerves.

134
Q

papillary region

A

top 5th of the layer, elastic fibers,

135
Q

reticular region

A

bottom 80%, attached to subcutaneous layer, hair follicles

136
Q

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

beneath dermis, stores fat

137
Q

skin color

A

Everyone has roughly same number of melanocytes. Genetics controls
amount of melanin produced.

138
Q

melanin

A

pale yellow to reddish brown to black. phenomelanin and eumelanin

139
Q

melanocytes

A

plentiful in penis, nipple, face and limbs. skin color, freckles, age or liver spots, mole, tan

140
Q

cyanotic

A

bluish- low oxygen

141
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish- liver disease

142
Q

erythema

A

redness- injury, heat, infection or allergy

143
Q

hair

A

on all of body but palms, hormones can control

144
Q

apocrine

A

puberty, odorless

145
Q

ceruminous gland

A

cerumen or earwax

146
Q

epidermal wound healing

A

abrasions and minor burns
cells at basement membrane enlarge and migrate across the wound
appear to migrate as a sheet

147
Q

contact inhabitation

A

when the contact the other side they stop migrating

148
Q

epidermal growth factor

A

stimulates basal stem cells to divide and replace the

ones that moved into the wound

149
Q

deep wound healing

A

Injury in dermis and subcutaneous layer multiple tissue layers must be repaired

A&P 1 lecture (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions