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MC-CompTia Network+ (N10-008) > Section 4: TCP/IP Model (w-Ports) > Flashcards

Section 4: TCP/IP Model (w-Ports) Flashcards

1
Q

TCP/IP Model

A

Alternative to OSI Model that offers network designers a more relevant model since it is based on TCP/IP.
(a.k.a. TCP/IP Stack or DoD Model.)

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2
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 1

A

Network Interface Layer:
Incorporates features of OSI Layers 1 (Physical) and 2 (Data Link)
Physical and Electrical Characteristics; How to transmit bits; How the interface uses the medium.

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3
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 2

A

Internet:
Similar to OSI Layer 3 (Network)
▪ Packages data into IP datagrams
- Contains source and destination IPs
- Forwards datagrams between hosts across the networks
▪ Routes IP datagrams across networks
▪ Connectivity occurs externally

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4
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 3

A

Transport: Similar to OSI Layer 4 (Transport)
▪ Provides communication session management between hosts
▪ Defines level of service and status of connection used for transport

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5
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 4

A

Application: Combined features of OSI Layers 5 (Session), 6 (Presentation), and 7 (Application)
▪ Defines TCP/IP application protocols
▪ Defines how programs interface with the transport layer service
▪ Layer with which the user interacts

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6
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 2 (Internet) - Examples

A

▪ IP - Internet Protocol
▪ ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol (network devices use to communicate problems with data transmission - Number 1 use is reporting errors.)
▪ ARP - Address Resolution Protocol (IP address to MAC address)
▪ RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (MAC Address to IP address)

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7
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 3 (Transport) - Examples

A

▪ TCP - Transmission Control Protocol is a transport protocol that is used on top of IP to ensure reliable transmission of packets.
▪ UDP - User Datagram Protocol is a transport protocol that is used on top of IP but removes error-checking. (Low latency)
▪ RTP - Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) for delivering audio and video over IP networks.

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8
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 4 (Application) - Examples

A

▪ HTTP, TELNET, FTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, SSL, TLS, …

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9
Q

TCP/IP Model to OSI Model Map

A

Network Interface
1. Physical Layer
2. Data Link Layer
Internet
3. Network Layer
Transport
4. Transport Layer
Application
5. Session Layer
6. Presentation Layer
7. Application Layer

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10
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol - Network devices use to communicate problems with data transmission - Number one use is reporting errors.

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11
Q

ARP

A

Address Resolution Protocol - IP address to MAC address. (Layer 2 - Data Link to Layer 3 - Network Layer)

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12
Q

RARP

A

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol - MAC Address to IP address. (Layer 3 - Network to Layer 2 - Data Link)

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13
Q

Port number range

A

0 - 65,535

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14
Q

Reserved Ports (Well-known)

A

0 - 1023

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15
Q

Ephemeral Ports (Dynamic)

A

1024 - 65,535

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16
Q

Overhead of TCP

A

20 bytes

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17
Q

Overhead of UDP

A

8 bytes

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18
Q

FTP / Port(s)

A

File Transfer Protocol / Ports 20, 21
▪ Transfers files between a client and server
▪ Unsecure method
▪ Data transferred in the clear

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19
Q

SSH / Port(s)

A

Secure Shell / Port 22
▪ Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network
▪ Best known for remote login to computer systems by users

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20
Q

SFTP / Port(s)

A

Secure Shell File Transfer Protocol / 22
▪ Provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream

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21
Q

Telnet / Port(s)

A

Port 23
▪ Provides bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication using a virtual terminal connection
▪ Like SSH, but unsecure

22
Q

SMTP / Port(s)

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol / Port 25
▪ Internet standard for sending electronic mail

23
Q

DNS / Port(s)

A

Domain Name Service / 53
▪ Hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network
▪ Converts domain names to IP addresses

24
Q

DHCP / Port(s)

A

Dynamic Host Control Protocol / 67, 68
▪ DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to a client
▪ Enables computers to request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically
▪ Reduces burden on network administrators

25
Q

TFTP / Port(s)

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol / Port 69
▪ Transmits files in both directions of a client-server application
▪ Used for booting an operating system from a local area network file server
▪ Doesn’t provide user authentication or directory visibility
▪ A stripped-down version of FTP

26
Q

HTTP / Port(s)

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol / 80
▪ Designed for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia presentation across many devices

27
Q

POP3 / Port(s)

A

Post Office Protocol v3 / Port 110
▪ Used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over TCP/IP connection

28
Q

NTP / Port(s)

A

Network Time Protocol / Port 123
▪ Provides clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks

29
Q

NetBIOS / Port(s)

A

Network Basic Input-Output System / Port139
▪ Services allowing applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network for file and printer sharing

30
Q

IMAP / Port(s)

A

Internet Mail Application / Port 143
▪ Provides e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.
▪ Allows the end user to view and manipulate the messages as if they’re stored locally

31
Q

SNMP / Port(s)

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol / Port 389
▪ Vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services (usernames, passwords, email addresses, printer connections, and other static data within directories)
▪ Active Directory use this port

32
Q

LDAP / Port(s)

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol / Port 389

▪ Vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services (usernames, passwords, email addresses, printer connections, and other static data within directories)
▪ Active Directory use this port

33
Q

HTTPS / Port(s)

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure / Port 443

▪ Adds security to the unsecure HTTP protocol

34
Q

SMB / Port(s)

A

Server Message Block / Port 445

▪ Shared access to files, printers, and miscellaneous communications between devices

35
Q

RDP / Port(s)

A

Remote Desktop Protocol / Port 3389

▪ Proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft
▪ Provides a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection

36
Q

SIP / Port(s)

A

Session Initiation Protocol / Ports 5060, 5061

▪ For Internet telephony for voice and video calls, VOIP, and instant messaging

37
Q

SysLog / Port

A

System Logging Protocol Syslog / Port 514

▪ Used to send logging data back to a centralized server

38
Q

SMTP TLS / Port

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transport Layer Security / Port 587

▪ Secure and encrypted way to send emails

39
Q

IMAP over SSL / Port

A

Internet Message Access Protocol over SSL / Port 993

▪ Secure and encrypted way to receive emails

40
Q

POP3 over SSL / Port

A

Post Office Protocol Version 3 over SSL / Port 995

▪ Secure and encrypted way to receive emails

41
Q

SQL Server / Port

A

Structured Query Language Server Protocol / Port 1433

▪ Used for communication from a client to the database engine

42
Q

SQLNet / Port

A

SQLnet Protocol / Port 1521

▪ Used for communication from a client to an Oracle database

43
Q

MySQL / Port

A

MySQL / Port 3306

▪ Used for communication from a client to the MySQL database engine

44
Q

RDP / Port

A

Remote Desktop Protocol / Port 3389

▪ Developed by Microsoft, provides a graphical interface to connect to another computer
▪ User employs RDP client software for this purpose and the other computer must run RDP server software

45
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol
▪ A transport protocol that operates at layer 4 of the OSI model
▪ Used on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) for the reliable packet transmission
▪ Operates by conducting a three-way handshake between a client and a server
▪ TCP is a connection-oriented method of communication

46
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol
▪ A lightweight data transport protocol that also works on top of IP
▪ Can detect if its packets are corrupted using a checksum, but there is no connection and no sequencing to the UDP segments
▪ Great for some applications, like streaming audio and video, but does NOT provide reliable delivery of the data

47
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol

▪ A network level protocol that is used to communicate information about network connectivity issues back to the sender
▪ ICMP is used for troubleshooting, but also used by attackers to conduct ping scans and network mapping

48
Q

GRE

A

Generic Routing Encapsulation protocol

▪ A tunneling protocol developed by Cisco to encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside a virtual point-to-point or point-to-multipoint link over an Internet Protocol network
▪ Important to set a smaller maximum transmission unit or MTU size on the tunnel
▪Does not provide any encryption

49
Q

IPSec

A

Internet Protocol Security protocol

▪ Set of secure communication protocols at the network or packet processing layer used to protect data flows between peers

50
Q

LDAPS / Port(s)

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure / Port 636

▪ LDAPS is the secure version of the LDAP protocol where the LDAP connection is encrypted during network transmission.

MC-CompTia Network+ (N10-008) (22 decks)

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