Section 4, 1688 - 1702 Flashcards

1
Q

What triggered the Glorious Revolution?

A

June 1688
Birth of James & Cath Mary of Modena’s son
James is 54
Signals continued catholic reign in England to Parliament
1688, James re-issues Declaration of Indulgence

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2
Q

What was the Glorious Revolution?

A

1688 - 89
The removal of Cath James II by the PN, and his replacement by the Prot William of Orange & Mary

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3
Q

Who were the Immortal Seven?

A

1688
2 Tory & 5 Whig MPs invite William of Orange & Mary, James’ Protestant Daughter, to take the Throne

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4
Q

What did Mary & William’s ‘invasion’ consist of?

A

Nov 1688
Attempts made by James to meet them in battle fail, as many soldiers desert to the other side
Only significant battle of the ‘revolution’ is in Reading, where William defeats the Jacobite forces

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5
Q

When do Mary of Modena & her son, & later James II flee to France?

A

December 1688

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6
Q

What signals the beginning of William’s reign?

A

December 1688
Enters London

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7
Q

What was the Convention Parliament of 1689?

A

Held to Determine whether James Abdicated the Throne by Fleeing after the Glorious Revolution

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8
Q

What was the Declaration of Right ?

A

1689
Makes them Defacto Monarchs
Stipulates that their only legitimate heirs will be from Mary, & if she were to die before William, then his heirs would not inherit the throne
Share title of monarch but executive power is only granted to William

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9
Q

When was William & Mary’s coronation?

A

April 1689
Crowned as Co-Rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland

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10
Q

What was the Willemite War?

A

1689
Consolidation in Ireland
James II lands in Ireland with 6,000 French Troops
Parliamentary handling of the war made sure the crown was underfunded, so William dependent on them for finance
The million loan act meant the crown was well funded, but still needed parliament, the money was raised by new innovative taxes that were more agreeable

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11
Q

What was the Grand Alliance?

A

May 1689
Allies William with Emperor Leopold I of the Habsburg Monarchy, against French expansionist policies

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12
Q

What was the Toleration Act?

A

May 1689
Religious tolerance for dissenters who aren’t Catholic
Dissenters exempt form penal laws if took oath against transubstantiation
Marks the end of the Glorious Revolution

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13
Q

What was the Jacobite Rising in Scotland?

A

July 1689
Jacobite Rebels defeat Willemite Covenanters at the Battle of Killiecrankie
Covenant victory over Jacobites in August at the Battle of Dunkeld
Consolidation in Scotland

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14
Q

What was the Nonjuring Schism?

A

Aug 1689
Over 1000 Clergymen, including Archbishop Sancroft are suspended for refusing to swear allegiance to the New Monarchs (petition of right)

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15
Q

What was the Act of Grace?

A

1690
Loyal followers of James II forgiven
Grant of £4.6 mill to manage threat from Louis XIV & James II - shown in Battle of Boyne

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16
Q

What was the Battle of Beachy Head?

A

1690
War of the Grand Alliance: French Naval victory over English and Dutch Forces

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17
Q

What was the Battle of The Boyne?

A

1690
James II returns to exile after being defeated by William III in Ireland

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18
Q

What was the Treaty of Limerick?

A

1691
Ends the Willemite War in Ireland - Jacobin armies leave shortly after

19
Q

When & why was the Duke of Marlborough arrested?

A

1692
On orders of Queen Mary, suspecting him as part of a Jacobin plot

20
Q

What diminishes fears of a French invasion in 1692

A

Naval battles won by Britain: Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue

21
Q

What were the Junto Whigs?

A

Emerges 1694
A group of influential Whigs in parliament who established a cabal & a united front for control

22
Q

What was the Meeting of Parliament Act?

A

1694
Dictated that Parliament is to be held every year, and elections held every three years

23
Q

When does Mary die?

A

Dec 1694
William now sole monarch

24
Q

What was the Corrupt Practices Act?

A

1695
Forced MPs who are found guilty of accepting bribes to abstain from sitting

25
When do the Whigs win a majority in the General Election?
Nov 1695
26
What was the Window Tax?
1695 House tax based on number of windows
27
When was the suspension of Habeas Corpus?
1696 In midst of rumours of a Jacobite plot
28
What was the Treaty of Ryswick?
1697 Ends Nine Years War France officially recognises William III as England’s legitimate monarch
29
How is the army changed in 1699, following the end of the 9 Years War in 1697?
Parliament limits standing army to 7,000 Native born men, leading to the dispansion of William’s Blue Dutch Guards
30
What was significant about the death of Prince William?
1700 Princess Anne, Heir to the Throne‘s only son Leaves fate of the throne in doubt
31
What was the Act of Settlement?
1701 Crown of Great Britain to be passed to Sophia of Hanover over 57 potential Cath heirs, following the deaths of William, & then Anne Concreting protestant rule, and avoiding the risk of catholic inheritance of the throne Puts limits on foreign monarchs
32
When does William die?
March 1702 Anne succeeds him
33
Why is Britain involved with the War of the Spanish Succession that breaks out in May 1702?
Through their grand alliance with the Dutch, and the holy roman empire, the emperor of such has a claim to the throne
34
Why were William & Mary perceived to be absolutist by some?
Attempt to retain standing army after 9 Years War Suspension of habeus corpus Use of suspensory veto Absolutism spikes fears of Catholicism
35
How expensive was the 9 Years War? How was it financed?
£36 million Whigs: Million Loan Act, 1693 & est of Bank of England, 1694
36
What was cabinet government?
Form of gov William accepted Small group of chosen ministers who would provide advice & direction for the crown
37
When was William's first Parliament?
1690-95
38
What was the Act of Grace?
1690 May - loyal followers of James forgiven July - James defeated in Battle of Boyne & returns to exile
39
What showed Whig & Tory cooperation in William's first Parliament?
Treason Trial Bill & Judge's Bill to limit monarchs prerogative in legal matters However, they are split on english involvement in the 9 Years War
40
When was William's Second Parliament?
1695-98 Increasing opp to 9 Years War Oath to office holders to swear to Will as 'rightful & lawful king' Many Tories didn't as saw W & M as de-facto monarchs Whigs replace Tories w/ own supporters, allowing prevalence of Junto Whig influence
41
When was William's Third Parliament?
1698-1700 Disbanding Bill, 1699 - reduce army to 7,000 Civil list - monarchy funded by taxpayer, not by own means
42
When was William's Fourth Parliament?
1701 Act of Settlement
43
What was the oath of association?
1696 Triggered by Jacobite plot Tories argued de facto monarchs Acknowledgement of William & Mary as ‘rightful & lawful’ monarchs Many Tories refused oath