Section 4, 1688 - 1702

Question 1

What triggered the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 1

June 1688
Birth of James & Cath Mary of Modena’s son
James is 54
Signals continued catholic reign in England to Parliament
1688, James re-issues Declaration of Indulgence

Question 2

What was the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 2

1688 - 89
The removal of Cath James II by the PN, and his replacement by the Prot William of Orange & Mary

Question 3

Who were the Immortal Seven?

Answer 3

1688
2 Tory & 5 Whig MPs invite William of Orange & Mary, James’ Protestant Daughter, to take the Throne

Question 4

What did Mary & William’s ‘invasion’ consist of?

Answer 4

Nov 1688
Attempts made by James to meet them in battle fail, as many soldiers desert to the other side
Only significant battle of the ‘revolution’ is in Reading, where William defeats the Jacobite forces

Question 5

When do Mary of Modena & her son, & later James II flee to France?

Answer 5

December 1688

Question 6

What signals the beginning of William’s reign?

Answer 6

December 1688
Enters London

Question 7

What was the Convention Parliament of 1689?

Answer 7

Held to Determine whether James Abdicated the Throne by Fleeing after the Glorious Revolution

Question 8

What was the Declaration of Right ?

Answer 8

1689
Makes them Defacto Monarchs
Stipulates that their only legitimate heirs will be from Mary, & if she were to die before William, then his heirs would not inherit the throne
Share title of monarch but executive power is only granted to William

Question 9

When was William & Mary’s coronation?

Answer 9

April 1689
Crowned as Co-Rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland

Question 10

What was the Willemite War?

Answer 10

1689
Consolidation in Ireland
James II lands in Ireland with 6,000 French Troops
Parliamentary handling of the war made sure the crown was underfunded, so William dependent on them for finance
The million loan act meant the crown was well funded, but still needed parliament, the money was raised by new innovative taxes that were more agreeable

Question 11

What was the Grand Alliance?

Answer 11

May 1689
Allies William with Emperor Leopold I of the Habsburg Monarchy, against French expansionist policies

Question 12

What was the Toleration Act?

Answer 12

May 1689
Religious tolerance for dissenters who aren’t Catholic
Dissenters exempt form penal laws if took oath against transubstantiation
Marks the end of the Glorious Revolution

Question 13

What was the Jacobite Rising in Scotland?

Answer 13

July 1689
Jacobite Rebels defeat Willemite Covenanters at the Battle of Killiecrankie
Covenant victory over Jacobites in August at the Battle of Dunkeld
Consolidation in Scotland

Question 14

What was the Nonjuring Schism?

Answer 14

Aug 1689
Over 1000 Clergymen, including Archbishop Sancroft are suspended for refusing to swear allegiance to the New Monarchs (petition of right)

Question 15

What was the Act of Grace?

Answer 15

1690
Loyal followers of James II forgiven
Grant of £4.6 mill to manage threat from Louis XIV & James II - shown in Battle of Boyne

Question 16

What was the Battle of Beachy Head?

Answer 16

1690
War of the Grand Alliance: French Naval victory over English and Dutch Forces

Question 17

What was the Battle of The Boyne?

Answer 17

1690
James II returns to exile after being defeated by William III in Ireland

Question 18

What was the Treaty of Limerick?

Answer 18

1691
Ends the Willemite War in Ireland - Jacobin armies leave shortly after

Question 19

When & why was the Duke of Marlborough arrested?

Answer 19

1692
On orders of Queen Mary, suspecting him as part of a Jacobin plot

Question 20

What diminishes fears of a French invasion in 1692

Answer 20

Naval battles won by Britain: Battles of Barfleur and La Hogue

Question 21

What were the Junto Whigs?

Answer 21

Emerges 1694
A group of influential Whigs in parliament who established a cabal & a united front for control

Question 22

What was the Meeting of Parliament Act?

Answer 22

1694
Dictated that Parliament is to be held every year, and elections held every three years

Question 23

When does Mary die?

Answer 23

Dec 1694
William now sole monarch

Question 24

What was the Corrupt Practices Act?

Answer 24

1695
Forced MPs who are found guilty of accepting bribes to abstain from sitting

Question 25

When do the Whigs win a majority in the General Election?

Answer 25

Nov 1695

Question 26

What was the Window Tax?

Answer 26

1695
House tax based on number of windows

Question 27

When was the suspension of Habeas Corpus?

Answer 27

1696
In midst of rumours of a Jacobite plot

Question 28

What was the Treaty of Ryswick?

Answer 28

1697
Ends Nine Years War
France officially recognises William III as England’s legitimate monarch

Question 29

How is the army changed in 1699, following the end of the 9 Years War in 1697?

Answer 29

Parliament limits standing army to 7,000 Native born men, leading to the dispansion of William’s Blue Dutch Guards

Question 30

What was significant about the death of Prince William?

Answer 30

1700
Princess Anne, Heir to the Throne‘s only son
Leaves fate of the throne in doubt

Question 31

What was the Act of Settlement?

Answer 31

1701
Crown of Great Britain to be passed to Sophia of Hanover over 57 potential Cath heirs, following the deaths of William, & then Anne
Concreting protestant rule, and avoiding the risk of catholic inheritance of the throne
Puts limits on foreign monarchs

Question 32

When does William die?

Answer 32

March 1702
Anne succeeds him

Question 33

Why is Britain involved with the War of the Spanish Succession that breaks out in May 1702?

Answer 33

Through their grand alliance with the Dutch, and the holy roman empire, the emperor of such has a claim to the throne

Question 34

Why were William & Mary perceived to be absolutist by some?

Answer 34

Attempt to retain standing army after 9 Years War
Suspension of habeus corpus
Use of suspensory veto
Absolutism spikes fears of Catholicism

Question 35

How expensive was the 9 Years War?
How was it financed?

Answer 35

£36 million
Whigs: Million Loan Act, 1693 & est of Bank of England, 1694

Question 36

What was cabinet government?

Answer 36

Form of gov William accepted
Small group of chosen ministers who would provide advice & direction for the crown

Question 37

When was William’s first Parliament?

Answer 37

1690-95

Question 38

What was the Act of Grace?

Answer 38

1690
May - loyal followers of James forgiven
July - James defeated in Battle of Boyne & returns to exile

Question 39

What showed Whig & Tory cooperation in William’s first Parliament?

Answer 39

Treason Trial Bill & Judge’s Bill
to limit monarchs prerogative in legal matters
However, they are split on english involvement in the 9 Years War

Question 40

When was William’s Second Parliament?

Answer 40

1695-98
Increasing opp to 9 Years War
Oath to office holders to swear to Will as ‘rightful & lawful king’
Many Tories didn’t as saw W & M as de-facto monarchs
Whigs replace Tories w/ own supporters, allowing prevalence of Junto Whig influence

Question 41

When was William’s Third Parliament?

Answer 41

1698-1700
Disbanding Bill, 1699 - reduce army to 7,000
Civil list - monarchy funded by taxpayer, not by own means

Question 42

When was William’s Fourth Parliament?

Answer 42

1701
Act of Settlement

Question 43

What was the oath of association?

Answer 43

1696
Triggered by Jacobite plot
Tories argued de facto monarchs
Acknowledgement of William & Mary as ‘rightful & lawful’ monarchs
Many Tories refused oath