Section 3, 1660 - 78 Flashcards
What was the Declaration of Breda?
1660
Charles took advantage of Monck’s uprising to restore stability
Charles’ restoration in return for:
Full pay for the army
Political amnesty for those who weren’t the main perpetrators of the Regicide
Religious toleration
Retention of land from owners who had purchased it during the interregnum
When was the start of the Convention Parliament?
Who did it consist of?
1660
Following general elections, a new parliament, composed of mostly Presbyterians and Royalists was formed, with only 15 members of the rump re-elected
Upon viewing the declaration of Breda, what did the Convention Parliament agree the nation’s governance should consist of?
King
House of Lords (reinstated since its abolition in 1649)
House of Commons
This parliament holds no Oath of Allegiance to the Crown or the Commonwealth
What was the Indemnity & Oblivion Act?
1660
Effectively turns a blind eye to a number of crimes committed in the Interregnum and Civil Wars
Apart from more extreme items, or specific individuals, mainly ones noted in signing the death warrant of Charles I
What was the significance of William Juxton being made Archbishop of Canterbury?
1660
Reinstatement of Arminian ecclesiastical officials
What was eth significance of the charter granted to the Royal African Company?
1660
Monopoly over trade in Africa granted by James & Charles
A method of going around (Convention) parliament for royal income
What were the Posthumous Executions?
1661
The bodies of Oliver Cromwell, Ireton, Bradshaw & Pride are exhumed, and then ‘posthumously executed’, with their heads being placed on spikes outside the palace of Westminster
When was the start of the Cavalier Parliament?
May 1661
Lasts for almost 18 years
Around two weeks after Charles II’s coronation
Charles’ first Parliament
What changes does Charles make during the cavalier Parliament’s first session?
1661
Orders the public burning of the Solemn League and Covenant
Repeals the 1642 Bishops Exclusion Act, allowing bishops to sit in the commons
Repeals the Militia Act ceding power to the king to control the newly re-disbanded militias
Repeals the Sedition Act which defined parts of trials for treason in British courts
What was Charles’ marriage treaty with Portugal?
June 1661
Charles arranges to marry Catherine of Braganza
Part of the wedding dowry being the ceding of Bombay and Tangier to Britain, and granting free trade with Brazil and the East Indies
(gains land, frees up trade)
What was the Corporation Act?
1661
The first part of what would become the Clarendon Code
Stated that no individuals were to be elected into official offices had they not partaken in Ecclesiastical rituals within the prior year, targeting the high population of influential Presbyterians, in an attempt to re-establish the strength of the C of E
What was the Act of Uniformity & Approval of the Common Book of Prayer?
1662
Second part of the Clarendon Code
Act of uniformity: all clergymen had to operate from the new Book of Common Prayer, as well as conformity to it by those holding official office
It also dictated that the system of Episcopal Ordination (official appointment of religious officials by other religious officials) was to be reinstated for the first time since the Civil War
What backlash did the Act of Uniformity & Approval of the Common Book of Prayer receive?
1662
The Great Ejection
2,000 clergymen refused to take an oath of conformity to the established church (Puritans)
Had their positions taken away
When did Charles II marry Catherine of Braganza?
May 1662
A secret Catholic wedding and a public Protestant marriage to the Princess from Portugal the day after meeting her in Portsmouth
What was the withdrawal from an early Declaration of Indulgence?
1663
Charles, being a Cath Sympathiser, attempted to suspend English penal laws that punished English recusants (Catholic Remnants)
Withdrew this idea after strong parliamentary opposition
What was the Second Navigation Act?
1663
Parliament passed an act declaring that all goods bound for British America should be sent by British ships
What was the Triennial Parliament Act?
1664
Parliament passed an act stating that they are to reconvene every three years after a dispansion (again)
What was the Conventicle Act?
1664
Third part of the Clarendon Code - Prevents more than 5 non-followers of the Church of England (bar Jews) from assembling
What caused the Second Anglo-Dutch War?
1665 - 67
Retention, and updates to the navigation acts
Charles’ granting of monopolies to circumnavigate parliament for money
Lead to commercial naval war with the Dutch
When was the Great Plague of London?
1665
King and court flee London to Salisbury
Return to court in 1666
What was the Five Mile Act?
1665
Fourth and final part of the clarendon code
Forbid nonconformist ministers from coming within conformist towns, or teach in schools or preach where they were from
What made up the Clarendon Code?
Corporation Act, 1661
Act of Uniformity & Approval of the Common Book of Prayer, 1662
Conventicle act, 1664
Five Mile Act, 1665
When was the Great Fire of London?
1666
13,000 buildings destroyed
What caused the end of Second Anglo Dutch War?
1667
A devastating Dutch raid on the Medway, a fleet of English warships
Charles drafts terms intended to bring peace, and shift the focus on the expansionary Louis XIV of France
Charles retains a bitter pill of resentment, which leads to reignited conflict later on
