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Stuart Britain Timeline > Section 2, 1629 -1649 > Flashcards

Section 2, 1629 -1649 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Book of Orders?

A

1631
Charles declarations of how the personal rule will operate, issued to justices of the peace

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2
Q

What caused the prohibition (prevention) of ‘New Books’?

A

1632
Done by Star Chamber, in response to Spanglo-Austrian complaints against British Coverage of the 30 Years War

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3
Q

Why were the Medieval Forest Laws reintroduced?

A

1633
Source of revenue for Charles by fining those trespassing or hunting on unclear borders

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4
Q

What shows Armenian ideology being enforced in national churches in Aug 1633?

A

Laud Becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
Juxton made Bishop of London in his place

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5
Q

What was the St Gregory’s Case?

A

1633
Parishioners of a church refuse the movement of the altar to the church’s east end
Demonstrates a degree of willingness to combat reforms from commonfolk

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6
Q

Who were Pryne, Burton and Bastwick?

A

1634
3 influential Puritans
Outwardly oppose Laudian reforms
Mutilated, whipped and imprisoned
Become Puritan martyrs

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7
Q

When did Charles impose a ship tax on coastal counties?
Why was this later deemed unconstitutional?

A

1634
Later extends to inland counties as a source of revenue

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8
Q

What was the New Book of Rates?

A

1635
Outlined the duties on imported and exported goods
Attempt to refine English systems of finance, & gain money from trade

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9
Q

What was significant about the imposition of the New Prayer Book in Scotland?

A

1637
Charles introduced exclusively on Scotland, which goes against their Calvinist Presbyterian ideals, in its Armenian nature.
St. Giles cathedral riot breaks out after an attempt to use the book of prayer in Edinburgh

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10
Q

What was the Scottish Covenant?

A

1638
Signed by thousands of loyal presbyterian scots
A pact to defend scotch Presbyterianism from what was perceived as English encroachment (ex: new prayer book)

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11
Q

How did Lilburne’s punishment relate to Pryne, Burton & Bastwick?

A

1638
Another Puritan martyrdom stemming from opposition to Charles religious policies (Lilburne Published Puritan publications, after being told not to by the Star Chamber)

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12
Q

What was the Hampden’s Case?

A

1638
John Hampton refused to pay ship tax
Charles wins case but only by slight majority showing the shaky ground on the use of the tax

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13
Q

What was the Bishops wars?

A

1639
Presbyterian forces invade the north of England

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14
Q

What was the Treaty of Berwick?

A

June 1639
Puts Bishops war on pause
After English troops are recalled from Scotland
Doesn’t address the underlying issues, and the conflict kicks up again soon enough

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15
Q

When & why does Wentworth return from Ireland?

A

1639
After attempting to secure the strength of the crown in Ireland & a stream of finance
Returns to aid Charles with the Scotch conflict

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16
Q

When was Wentworth made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland?

A

1640 (- returns from Ireland 1639)
Upcoming favourite

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17
Q

When was the Short Parliament?
Why was it so short?

A

1640 April - May (month)
Ends personal rule
Called to aid in financing the scotch war
Immediately gets wrapped up in matters of taxation
Disbanded without Charles gaining a subsidy

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18
Q

What was the Root and Branch petition?

A

1640
Concerning matters of conflict between Puritans/Presbyterians and the national church
Calling for an end to episcopy (Bishop hierarchy) for a more centralised iteration (version)

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19
Q

What was the Treaty of Ripon?

A

1640
Ends scotch conflict again, but at a cost of £800 a day to house the Scots in Newcastle
Expensive

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20
Q

When was the Long Parliament called?
Why?

A

1640, a month after the Short P
After the expensive Treaty of Ripon
P lasted over a decade this time, and oversaw a number of great changes in that time

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21
Q

What was the The Grand Remonstrance?

A

1641
List of grievances from a committee of parliamentarians led by John Pym
Detailed issues of foreign policy, finance, religious matters, abuses of royal power and concern surrounding the king’s advisors
Charles was greatly opposed

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22
Q

What were the Ten Proposals?

A

1641
Following the Grand Remonstrance, Parliament sought to concrete the changes they desired, and issued for ten changes to be made by the king

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23
Q

What were the 10 desired changes in the 10 Propositions?

A

1641
Approval for the educators of the royal children
Control over the nations militias
Dispersion of the army raised in Ireland
Limits on forestation and what the king could declare royal forest land

Parliamentary appointment of ministers relating to matters of defence and foreign affairs
Mandatory approval of the king’s privy counsellors
Removal of bishops from the house of lords
Prohibition of taxes not-passed by parliament
Reaffirmation of the rights of royal subjects
Parliamentary approval for marriage

24
Q

What was the 1641 Triennial act?

A

Forced the king to call parliament at least every 3 years
If he didn’t, they would convene anyway
Made personal rule unconstitutional - angry with 11 year tyranny

25
What was significant about the trial & execution of Wentworth?
1641 After failed impeachment attempt Trial of Charles' favourite on grounds of tyranny, arbitrary rule and abuse of power Charles forced to sign death warrant through Bill of Attainder, parliament’s way around habeas corpus
26
What was the October 1641 Irish Rebellion?
Many Catholic Irishmen rebel against the established Prot settlers in Ireland Mainly near the plantation of Ulster
27
What was the Five Members Coup?
1642 Charles attempts to arrest Pym and 4other parliamentarians following opposition The coup fails as the MPs were tipped off before Charles could get to them This makes both sides raise armies for war
28
What was the Militia Ordinance?
1642 Makes the previously rejected Militia Bill mandatory Transfers the power of the militia to parliament, who replace royal generals with parliamentary approved ones
29
What were the 19 Propositions?
1642 Presented to the king by parliament Final evolution of the Grand Remonstrance & 10 Propositions Something of an ultimatum for war
30
What were some of the 19 Propositions?
Charles should: Enforce laws against Catholics Disband the army Temporarily provide parliament with control over the militia to maintain peace & avoid civil war
31
What was significant about the Battle of Edge Hill?
1642 First official combative conflict of the Civil War
32
What was the Solemn League and Covenant?
1643 Alliance between P & Scotland to fight the royalists, and eventually reform the Church of England to be presbyterian
33
When was laud executed?
January 1644 For treason Extreme case of opposition to Arminianism on an institutional level
34
What was significant about the Battle of Marston Moore?
1644 Decisive Parliament win
35
What was the Siege of York?
1644 Following Marston Moor Generals Thomas Fairfax & Oliver Cromwell lay siege to York (Royalist Stronghold) Eventually surrendered
36
What was the Truce of Ormonde?
1644 Ceases conflict between Royalists & Irish Confederates (not support, just lack of fighting) Charles doesn't have to worry about potential troops dying in a separate war
37
What was the Self-Denying Ordinance?
1645 Formation of the New Model Army, a force designed to be more efficient based on a non-nepotistic hierarchical structure Division between militaristic control or their seat in the commons
38
What is significant about the Battle of Naseby?
1645 Decisive victory for the newly formed NMA Led by Fairfax & Cromwell
39
What was The King’s Cabinet Opened?
1645 published after Battle of Naseby Charles' empty carriage is captured, revealing his communication with Cath European monarchs in need of help Reduces Charles’ public support with non-Cath sympathising royalist supporters
40
What ends the First Civil War?
1647 January Charles' capture by the Scots Held at Newcastle
41
What was the Declaration of Dislike?
1647 March By Political Presbyterian leader, Holles Stated army petitioners were 'enemies to the state & disturbers of the public peace' Strategy to get out of paying them their £3 million wages P owed
42
What were the Newcastle Propositions?
1647 July Political Presbyterian settlement plan Charles stalled signing Proposed a realignment of the Church in favour of a presbyterian system for 3 years triennial act to remain Only 58 royalists to not be pardoned More lenient iteration called for demolishing the NMA
43
What was the Army's General Headquarters?
Formed in 1647 Newmarket Representative body of the Army’s regiments, in reaction to Parliament’s refusal to pay wages to soldiers unless they went to fight in Ireland
44
When was Charles captured for a second time?
Captured from Newcastle by NMA general George Joyce with 500 soldiers Brought closer to Newmarket, where the Army’s general council was recently est
45
What was the Solemn Engagement?
1647 June Declared by the army to parliament, to say they won't disband until their terms were met Officially outlining the presence of the General Council, to show their widespread support
46
What were the Putney Debates?
1647 October Debates held by the NMA to decide what a new system of government should look like Debates between Levellers and the Grandees (higher officers) between the universal/land-owning right to vote
46
What were the Heads of proposals?
1647 June The terms of the NMA transcribed by Ireton Charles refused even though they were designed in a way the council felt would be a good compromise The common book of prayer being allowed but not mandatory A sitting parliament provided a date of its own termination
47
What starts the Second Civil War?
November 1647 Charles escapes NMA custody
48
What was the Levellers agreement of the people?
1647 November Stemming from the Putney debates Mainly focused on the extension of the right to vote
49
What was the Engagement?
Winter 1647 Charles attempts to gain support from scotch anti-covenanters Works, but the force isn't particularly strong & ineffectual
50
What was the Windsor Prayer Meeting?
1648 Established the NMA’s dislike for the majorly Presbyterian parliamentary body Some desire for increased religious tolerance Charles declared 'man of blood' - he was not fit to be the commander-in-chief of the nation’s religion
51
What was significant about the Battle of Preston?
1648 NMA Win Charles is recaptured & taken to London for trial
52
What was Pride's Purge?
1648 General Pride removes 191 MPs from voting in Charles' trial Establishes the Rump Parliament
53
What caused the politicisation of the NMA?
Newcastle Propositions & Declaration of Dislike seen as offensive to NMA & allies Political Independents - Political Presbyterians attempting to construct a rival army Faced disbandment before the £3 mill in wages they were owed was paid P hadn't passed an indemnity act - could be charged for war time offences
54
What were the Laudian reforms?
Imposed after Laud becomes Canterbury in 1633 'Beauty of holiness' Altars at east end of church Increased emphasis on ceremony Decoration: stained glass windows Ministers wear vestments instead of plain clothes Puritans preferred plain decoration

Stuart Britain Timeline (10 decks)

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