Section 4, 1679 - 1688 Flashcards
When & why does Charles dismiss the Cavalier Parliament for the first time in 18 Years?
December 1679
To prevent Parliamentary Impeachment of Danby, and the passing of the Exclusion Bill
What was the Exclusion crisis?
1679 - 81
Fear of Cath succession creates attempt to oust James from the line of succession
What was presented to Charles in his Third Parliament?
1679 March - May
AKA the First Exclusion Parliament
Exclusion Bill presented to Parliament by Ex-Cabal member Shaftsbury
Aims to bar James from taking the throne after Charles’ death, as Charles has no heirs
What was the Habeas Corpus Act?
What were the consequences of this act?
May 1679
Secures the Right of Habeas Corpus
Leads to Parliamentary Prorogation, dissolved the next month by an act of royal prerogative, to prevent the Exclusion Act, and following murmurings of replacing James with Monmouth (C illegitimate son) as next in line for the throne
Shortly afterwards C fell serioulsy ill, sent James to Scotland to re-est order, Monmouth temp exiled to Netherlands
What was the Covenant Rising in Scotland?
June 1679
Scotch Covenant forces put down by Royalists led by Charles’ Son, the Duke of Monmouth
Why does Charles II banish his son to the Netherlands?
1679
In an attempt to draw parliamentary attention away from Him and James
When does Monmouth Return from The Netherlands?
Nov 1679
Parliament think he’s a good fit for a Protestant monarch, even though he is illegitimate - shows their disbilief in devine right of kings & devine succession
How do England & Spain ally themselves in 1680?
They sign a defence treaty; promise to support each other militarily & defend each other
What dominated Charles’ Fourth Parliament?
1680 - 81
Second Exclusion Parliament
Called to gain royal finance, but the MPs Focus on the Exclusion Bill
Two Factions: Whigs for those who support it, Tories for those against
Second exclusion bill presented (same as 1st) Rejected by the House of lords
Charles grows tired of Exclusion Bill debates & dissolves
When was Charles’ fith Parliament?
What was discussed?
March 1681
Oxford Parliament
Meets in one session in the Royalist town of Oxford
Whig MPs (pro-Exclusion) pressured not to come
Proposed W & M as regents for J
Commons opp & plan another Exclusion Bill
Shaftesbury calling for Monmouth to be king
Defeated by finance treaty - turning point in C reign, defeats Excluison
Why was Charles able to dissolve the Oxford Parliament?
Secret treaty with Louis XIV:
£40,000 immediately
£115,000 annually for 3 years
Promise to not call P for 3 years - to prevent their influence over Charles
When was Shaftesbury imprisoned in the Tower of London?
July 1681- aft Exclusion crisis
Later released
Presenter of Exclusion Bill
What happened to Titus Oates in August 1681?
Told to leave his apartments in Whitehall
Later charged with sedition (Encouraging thought which may be revolutionary)
(Oates’ Popish plot: leads Britain to Anti-Catholic Hysteria)
When & why was the Duke of Monmouth arrested?
September 1682
Arrest for riotous behaviour
What was the Rye House Plot?
1683
Opposition, anti-Cath leaders/Whig assassination attempt on Charles & James during visit to Newmarket, but cancelled due to the Great Fire of Newmarket
The king leaves early and the plot falls through
Eventually discovered & a number of somewhat significant individuals, such as Lord Russell (instrumental in the beginigns of the exclusion crisis & a ‘country’ party member (forrunners of teh Whigs) the next month
Monmouth indicated involvement
Could have been Charles to remove opposition
