Section 4, 1679 - 1688 Flashcards
When & why does Charles dismiss the Cavalier Parliament for the first time in 18 Years?
December 1679
To prevent Parliamentary Impeachment of Danby, and the passing of the Exclusion Bill
What was the Exclusion crisis?
1679 - 81
Fear of Cath succession creates attempt to oust James from the line of succession
What was presented to Charles in his Third Parliament?
1679 March - May
AKA the First Exclusion Parliament
Exclusion Bill presented to Parliament by Ex-Cabal member Shaftsbury
Aims to bar James from taking the throne after Charles’ death, as Charles has no heirs
What was the Habeas Corpus Act?
What were the consequences of this act?
May 1679
Secures the Right of Habeas Corpus
Leads to Parliamentary Prorogation, dissolved the next month by an act of royal prerogative, to prevent the Exclusion Act, and following murmurings of replacing James with Monmouth (C illegitimate son) as next in line for the throne
Shortly afterwards C fell serioulsy ill, sent James to Scotland to re-est order, Monmouth temp exiled to Netherlands
What was the Covenant Rising in Scotland?
June 1679
Scotch Covenant forces put down by Royalists led by Charles’ Son, the Duke of Monmouth
Why does Charles II banish his son to the Netherlands?
1679
In an attempt to draw parliamentary attention away from Him and James
When does Monmouth Return from The Netherlands?
Nov 1679
Parliament think he’s a good fit for a Protestant monarch, even though he is illegitimate - shows their disbilief in devine right of kings & devine succession
How do England & Spain ally themselves in 1680?
They sign a defence treaty; promise to support each other militarily & defend each other
What dominated Charles’ Fourth Parliament?
1680 - 81
Second Exclusion Parliament
Called to gain royal finance, but the MPs Focus on the Exclusion Bill
Two Factions: Whigs for those who support it, Tories for those against
Second exclusion bill presented (same as 1st) Rejected by the House of lords
Charles grows tired of Exclusion Bill debates & dissolves
When was Charles’ fith Parliament?
What was discussed?
March 1681
Oxford Parliament
Meets in one session in the Royalist town of Oxford
Whig MPs (pro-Exclusion) pressured not to come
Proposed W & M as regents for J
Commons opp & plan another Exclusion Bill
Shaftesbury calling for Monmouth to be king
Defeated by finance treaty - turning point in C reign, defeats Excluison
Why was Charles able to dissolve the Oxford Parliament?
Secret treaty with Louis XIV:
£40,000 immediately
£115,000 annually for 3 years
Promise to not call P for 3 years - to prevent their influence over Charles
When was Shaftesbury imprisoned in the Tower of London?
July 1681- aft Exclusion crisis
Later released
Presenter of Exclusion Bill
What happened to Titus Oates in August 1681?
Told to leave his apartments in Whitehall
Later charged with sedition (Encouraging thought which may be revolutionary)
(Oates’ Popish plot: leads Britain to Anti-Catholic Hysteria)
When & why was the Duke of Monmouth arrested?
September 1682
Arrest for riotous behaviour
What was the Rye House Plot?
1683
Opposition, anti-Cath leaders/Whig assassination attempt on Charles & James during visit to Newmarket, but cancelled due to the Great Fire of Newmarket
The king leaves early and the plot falls through
Eventually discovered & a number of somewhat significant individuals, such as Lord Russell (instrumental in the beginigns of the exclusion crisis & a ‘country’ party member (forrunners of teh Whigs) the next month
Monmouth indicated involvement
Could have been Charles to remove opposition
Why was Titus Oates arrested in 1684?
Arrested for Perjury
Found guilty & imprisoned 1685
(Oates’ Popish plot: leads Britain to Anti-Catholic Hysteria)
When does Charles II die?
Who next becomes king?
Feb 1685
Having sworn allegiance to the Catholic Church the evening before
Who is Charles II’s successor?
When is his coronation?
James II (referred to as ‘II and VII’)
April 1685
When was James’ first Parliament?
May - Nov 1685 (pirogued but doesn’t meet again)
Tory majority, weighing to James’ tampering in the Election process
Granted t & p for life & high Impositions on imports of Sugar and Tobacco (A privilege that Charles I was not granted)
What was Monmouth’s Rebellion?
June 1685
With a force brought from the Dutch Republic, Monmouth planned to depose James II
He loses the battle of Sedgemoor
Beheaded in London on the 15th
What were the Bloody Assizes?
Aug 1685
Lord Jefferies, prominent in the court of James II, tries Monmouth’s supportersafter Monmouth’s rebellion
Over 1,000 men deported & hung
Jefferies made Lord Chancellor by James in Sep - took charge of the ecclesiastical commission that forced the Church of England to accept James’s pro-Catholic policies
What was the Affirmation of Royal Prerogative?
1686
Court rules that James is within his right to grant exemptions to Anti-Catholic Penal Laws
Leads to the appointment of 4 Caths to the Privy Council
What was the Declaration of Indulgence?
1687
James suspends anti-Catholic penal laws in England
What backlash is received for the mandatory reading of the Declaration on Indulgence?
1688
Ordered to be read aloud in all churches across Eng
Quakers & the group of the 7 Bishops, assembled by Archbishop of Canterbury Sancroft - oppose & petition the king
Arrested & imprisoned - found not guilty of Seditious Libel
What shows a Catholic & absolutist presence under James’ rule?
Appointment of 90 Catholic officers
Hired absolutist lawyers
Appoints 4 Caths to privy council
Declaration of Indulgence & mandatory reading, 1687 & 88
