Section 3, The Protectorate & Restoration

Question 1

What was the Instrument of Government?

Answer 1

1653
Cromwell’s est as Protector
One, lifelong elected lord protector in place of a king
Legislative power vested in parliament, who had to be recalled triennially
Council of State: lord protector’s 20 advisors
Drafted by Lambert
Based on the heads of proposals
Commons were the deciders of what laws were & weren’t just

Question 2

What was Biddle’s Case?

Answer 2

1654
Teacher
Denied the holy trinity & divinity of Christ
Accused of blasphemy by MPs, Biddle was imprisoned and his manuscripts burned
Shows P enforcing what it saw as its right to control religion over Protector & his council

Question 3

What was Penruddock’s Uprising?

Answer 3

1655
Royalist rising in England’s western counties
A response to royalist persecution
Swiftly put down
Demonstrates sizable royalist sympathies still present in England

Question 4

What was the Humble petition and advice?

Answer 4

1656
Document made position of lord protector hereditary & offered the crown, Cromwell refused the moniker, but accepted the rest of the document:
Gatherings of parliament every three years
Reductions to the size of the standing army
Formation of a national church based on Presbyterian faith, whilst restricting sects like the fifth monarchists and the Baptists
Assertion of parliament’s control over taxation
Formation of an independent council to inform the lord protector on matters of governance

Question 5

What was Booth’s Rising?

Answer 5

1659
General George Booth and 3,000 royalist troops march in Northwest England with the intent to reinstate Charles II as King
Rebellion put down within three weeks

Question 6

What was Monck’s Uprising in Scotland?

Answer 6

1659
Another Royalist general, having purged his army of oppositional belief, started an uprising in favour of the restoration, attempting to restore a fair parliament and bring Charles II onto the throne

Question 7

What was Monck’s seizure of London?

Answer 7

1660
Troops rallied by Thomas Fairfax
Successfully managed to disperse Lambert’s opposing army and march into London
Reassembled the old long parliament, reinstating those removed during pride’s purge, and going about re-establishing the monarchy, and holding a new general election