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Derm Fitz > Section 31- Hair Follicles > Flashcards

Section 31- Hair Follicles Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Growth phase of hair follicle

Determines ultimate length of hair at site

A

Anagen

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2
Q

Degenerative phase of hair follicle

Apoptosis driven

1% of hair in this phase

A

Catagen

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3
Q

Period of relative quiescence stage in hair follicle

A

Telogen

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4
Q

Active process of hair shaft shedding

A

Exogen

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5
Q

Fine, non pigmented hair

Growth not affected by hormones

A

Vellus hair

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6
Q

Thick pigmented hair

Growth affected by hormones

A

Terminal hair

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7
Q

Lab exam for hair that determines the number of anagen and telogen hairs

A

Trichogram

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8
Q

Most common type of progressive balding

A

Pattern Hair Loss

Androgenetic alopecia

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9
Q

This hormone causes growth of prostate, terminal hair, AGA and acne

A

Dihydrotestosterone

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10
Q

This hormone causes growth of axillary hair and lower pubic hair

Sex drive, spermatogenesis, growth of scrotum and phallus

A

Testosterone

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11
Q

Testosterone is converted to DHT by this enzyme

A

5a- reductase

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12
Q

Men usually exhibit pattern hair loss in these sites:

A

Frontotemporal

Vertex

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13
Q

Hormone studies in women with hair loss and evidence of increased androgens

A

Testosterone- free and total
DHEAS
Prolactin

Others: TSH FT4 serum iron CBC ANA

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14
Q

Management for pattern hair loss

A

Oral finasteride 1mg/ day
Topical minoxidil 2% and 5%
Antiandrogens - spironolactone cimetidine flutamide
Topical latanoprost 0.1%

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15
Q

A localized loss of hair in round or oval areas with no apparent inflammation of the skin

A

Alopecia areata

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16
Q

Associated conditions in alopecia areata

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Down syndrome

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17
Q

Type of alopecia areata where there is total loss of terminal scalp hair

A

Alopecia areata totalis

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18
Q

Type of alopecia areata where there is total loss of terminal scalp and body hair

A

Alopecia areata universalis

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19
Q

Type of alopecia areata where there is bandlike pattern of hair loss over periphery of scalp

A

Ophiasis

20
Q

Transient increased shedding of normal club hair (telogen) from resting scalp follicles

Accelerated shift of anagen into catagen and telogen

A

Telogen effluvium

21
Q

Second most common cause of alopecia after AGA

A

Telogen effluvium

22
Q

Individuals with telogen effluvium may also affect the growth of nails and can result to this nail condition

A

Beau lines

23
Q

Nail findings in alopecia areata

A

Fine pitting (“hammered brass”) of dorsal nail plate

24
Q

Lab exams to rule out other causes of hair loss

A 
Serum iron
Iron binding capacity
TSH, FT4
ANA (rule out SLE)
RPR (rule out secondary syphilis)
25
Q

Anagen cycle disrupted
Scalp hair loss diffuse and extensive

Due to radiation therapy, chemotherapy with alkylating agents, mercury thallium boric acid intoxications or severe protein malnutrition

Regrows after discontinuation

A

Anagen effluvium

26
Q

Results from damage or destruction of hair follicle stem cells by inflammatory, infection and other pathologic processes

A

Cicatricial or scarring alopecia

27
Q

Effacement of follicular orifices in a patchy or focal distribution

Replacement of the follicular structure by fibrous tissue

A

Cicatricial or scarring alopecia

28
Q

[scarring alopecia]
Perifollicular erythema +/- hyperkeratosis
Violaceous discoloration of the scalp
Results in permanent hair loss, most common in parietal scalp

May or may not be associated with lichen planus of skin/mucosa

A

Lichen planopilaris

29
Q

Variant of lichen planopilaris where there is LP like lesions with follicular spines in areas of alopecia on scalp, eyebrows, axilla and pubic areas

A

Graham-Little Syndrome

30
Q

Variant of lichen planopilaris where there is frontotemporal hairline recession and eyebrow loss in postmenopausal women with perifollicular erythema

A

Frontal fibrosing alopecia

31
Q

End stage of all non inflammatory scarring alopecias

Early moth-eaten pattern with eventual coalescence into larger patches of hair loss( footprints in the snow)

A

Pseudopelade of Brocq

32
Q

Type of alopecia in relation to chemical processing, heat or chronic tension on the hair

Most common in black women

Begins in crown/midvertex and advances centrifugally

A

Central centrifugal scarring alopecia

Hot comb alopecia

33
Q

Type of scarring alopecia that may be a symptom of cutaneous T cell lymphoma

A

Alopecia mucinosa

34
Q

[scarring alopecia]
Pustular folliculitis
Surviving hairs clustered (tufted folliculitis)
Bogginess or induration with pustules, erosions or crusts

S.aureus infection common

A

Folliculitis Decalvans

35
Q

[scarring alopecia]
Most common in black men
Initial deep inflammatory nodules over the occciput

Sinus tracts may form

S aureus secondary infection common

A

Dissecting folliculitis

36
Q 
[scarring alopecia]
Most commonly in black men
Occurs in occipital scalp and nape
Chronic papular or pustular eruption
Keloidal scar may occur
A

Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae

37
Q

[scarring alopecia]
Commonly called razor bumps

Related to curved hair follicles that retract beneath skin surface, grow and cause a foreign body reaction

S aureus secondary infection common

A

Pseudofolliculitis barbae

38
Q

[scarring alopecia]

Painful or pruritic erythematous follicular based papule with central necrosis, crusting and healing with depressed scar

A

Acne necrotica

39
Q

Treatment for scarring alopecia

A

Topical high potency and intralesional glucocorticoids-mainstay of treatment

Antibiotics- for S.aureus infection

40
Q

Excessive hair growth secondary to increased androgenic activity

A

Hirsutism

41
Q

Hair density or length beyond accepted limits of normal age, race and sex

A

Hypertrichosis

42
Q

Hormonal stimulus for hair growth

A

Dihydrotestosterone

43
Q

In evaluating hirsutism, if serum testosterone is more than ___ ng/ml, exclude androgen secreting tumor

A

> 200ng/ml

44
Q

If serum testosterone and DHEA are more than ___ug/d, it is suggestive of adrenal tumor

A

> 800 ug/d

45
Q

Raised levels of this hormone suggests CAH

A

17-hydroxyprogesterone

46
Q

Drugs that can cause hypertrichosis

A 
Minoxidil 
Phenytoin 
Cyclosporine 
Glucocorticoids 
Streptomycin 
PUVA

Derm Fitz (12 decks)

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