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Derm Fitz > Section 25- Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Section 25- Bacterial Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Most important defense against invasion of pathogenic bacteria

A

Intact stratum corneum

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2
Q

What strain of MRSA is the major cause of skin and soft tissue and more invasive infections in the community and health care settings?

A

MRSA USA300

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3
Q

Bacteria most commonly known for causing Erythrasma

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

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4
Q
  • asymptomatic except for discoloration
  • patches sharply marginated
  • tan or pinkish
  • occuring intertriginous skin and other occluded sites
A

Erythrasma

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5
Q

Wood’s lamp fluorescence that differentiates Erythrasma from intertriginous psoriasis

A

Bright coral red fluorescence

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6
Q

Most common site for Erythrasma in temperate climates

A

Webspaces

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7
Q

Treatment for Erythrasma

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash
Sanitizing alcohol gel
Clindamycin lotion
Erythomycin

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8
Q

Bacteria that causes Pitted Keratolysis

A

Kytococcus sedentarius

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9
Q
  • punched out pits in stratum corneum
  • may become confluent
  • more apparent with hyperhidrosis and maceration
  • seen in pressure bearing areas
A

Pitted Keratolysis

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10
Q

Treatment for Pitted Keratolysis

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash
Sanitizing alcohol gel
Topical antibiotics- clinda, erythro
Aluminum chloride solution

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11
Q

Superficial colonization of hair shaft in sweaty regions

A

Trichomycosis

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12
Q

Etiology of trichomycosis

A

Corynebacterium tenuis

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13
Q
  • malodorous granular concretions

- hair appears thickened, beaded and firmly adherent

A

Trichomycosis

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14
Q

Treatment for trichomycosis

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash
Sanitizing alcohol gel
Antiperspirant
Shaving

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15
Q

Cause of impetigo

A

S. aureus

GAS

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16
Q

Honey colored crusted lesions

A

Impetigo

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17
Q

Superficial blisters containing clear yellow or slightly turbid fluid with erythematous halo

Rupture easily

More common in intertriginous sites

A

Bullous impetigo

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18
Q

Ulceration with thick adherent crust

Lesions may be tender, indurated

Usually occurs at occluded sites

Common in homeless or soldiers

A

Ecthyma

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19
Q

Portal of entry of S aureus in folliculitis, furuncle and carbuncle

A

Ostium of hair follicle

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20
Q

Variant of folliculitis that is deep and extends beneath the infundibulum

A

Sycosis

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21
Q

Treatment for resistant bacterial folliculitis

A

Minocycline
TMP-SMX
Quinolones

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22
Q

Treatment for gram negative folliculitis

A

Discontinue antibiotics (for acne)
Benzoyl peroxide wash
Ampicillin 250mg QID
TMP SMX QID

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23
Q

Treatment for abscess, furuncle, carbuncle

A

Incision and drainage

Systemic antibiotics for immunocompromised or if there is systemic infection

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24
Q

Acute spreading infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissues

Red, hot and tender area of the skin

S. aureus

A

Cellulitis

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25
Q

Variant of cellulitis involving cutaneous lymphatics

A

Erysipelas

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26
Q

Usual cause of erysipelas

A

Beta hemolytic streptococci

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27
Q

Most common site of cellulitis in adults

A

Lower leg

28
Q

Acute peripheral lesion with proximal tender or painful red linear streaks leading toward regional lymph nodes

A

Lymphangitis

29
Q

Most common parhogen in wound infections

A

S aureus

30
Q

Macular scarlatiniform rash

Face neck axillae groin initially

Positive Nikolsky sign

Desquamation occurs with healinf

Mucous membrane uninvolved

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

31
Q
  • Fever, hypotension
  • Generalized and blanching scarlatiniform erythroderma
  • “painless sunburn”
  • mucosal erythema or ulcers
  • desquamation after 1 week of onset
A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

32
Q

Cause of scarlet fever

A

Group A beta hemolytic strep
(S. pyogenes)

Exfoliative toxin producing S.aureus

33
Q

High fever, fatigue sore throat

  • face flushed with perioral pallor
  • finely punctate erythema uppr part of trunk
  • linear petechiae (Pastia sign)
  • pharynx beefy red
  • Small red macules on soft palate (Forchheimer spots)
  • strawberry tongue
A

Scarlet fever

34
Q

-palms and soles usually spared in this infection by GABHS

A

Scarlet fever

35
Q

Drug of choice for Scarlet fever

A

Penicillin

36
Q

Nondescript painless pruritic papule, 3-5 days after inoculation

  • transmitted through contact with animals
  • evolve to vesicle to ulcer to dry eschar
A

Cutaneous anthrax

37
Q

Drug of choice for cutaneous anthrax

A

Systemic penicillin

38
Q

Tache noir occurs in all spotted fevers except

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

39
Q

All spotted fevers pattern of distribution of erythematous macules and papules except for RMSF

A

Centrifugal

40
Q

Drug of choice for rickettsial disorders

A

Doxycycline 100mg BID

41
Q

Triad of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Rash
Fever
History of tick bite during 1st 3 days of illness

42
Q

2-6mm pink blanchable macules that evolve to deep red papules then become hemorrhagic

Rash begins on wrists forearms and ankles then spreads to trunk thighs and face

Fever chills headache myalgia

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

43
Q

Fulminant meningococcal septicemia

High fever shock widespread purpura DIC thrombocytopenia adrenal insufficiency

A

Waterhouse- Friderichsen Syndrome

44
Q

Respiratory droplet spread
Small pink blanchable macules and papules

Petechiae and ecchymoses then
Hemorrhagic bullae that undergo necrosis and ulcerate

A

Meningococcemia

45
Q

Maplike gray to black areas of cutaneous infarction in meningococcal infection

A

Purpura fulminans

46
Q

Bacteria that causes cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

47
Q

Innocuous looking small papule vesicle or pustule

With regional lymphadenopathy 2-3 weeks after inoculation

With cat contact

A

Cat scratch disease

48
Q

Treatment for cat scratch disease

A

None- spontaneous resolution

49
Q

Pruritic papule after insect bite
Regional lymphadenopathy
High fever

Animal reservoir rabbits squirrel beaver

A

Tularemia

50
Q

Treatment of choice for tularemia

A

Streptomycin

51
Q

Immunologic response to M leprae:
Acute or insidious tenderness and pain along affected nerve

Associated with loss of function

A

Lepra Type 1

52
Q

Immunologic response to M leprae:
Erythema nodosum leprosum- seen in half of LL patients within 2 years of treatment

Most common in face and extensor limbs

A

Lepra Type 2

53
Q

Immunologic response to M leprae:
Shallow large polygonal sloughing ulcerations on the legs

Diffuse LL individuals

A

Lucio reaction

54
Q

What spectrum of leprosy:
Few well defined hypopigmented hypesthetic macules with raised edges covering trunk

Advanced lesions anesthetic and devoid of skin appendage

Large peripheral nerve enlargement frequent

A

Tuberculoid

TT, BT

55
Q

What spectrum of leprosy:

Lesions are intermediary and composed of macules, papules and plaques

Anesthesia and decreased sweating

A

Borderline BB

56
Q

What spectrum of leprosy:
Skin colored or slightly erythematous papules or nodules

Loss of hair and leonine favors
Bilateral symmetric involvement of earlobes face arms buttocks

More extensive nerve involvement
Others: upper respiratory tract, anterior chamber of eye, testes

A

Lepromatous

LL,BL

57
Q

Key hallmarks of lepromatous leprosy

A

Diffuse skin infiltration
Multiple nodular lesions
Sensory loss

58
Q

This stain is used for slit skin smears in leprosy

A

Ziehl Neelsen stain

59
Q

Dermatopathology of this type of leprosy shows epitheloid cell granulomas around dermal nerves

AFB are sparse or absent

A

Tuberculoid

60
Q

Dermatopathology of this type of leprosy shows

Extensive cellular inflitrates
Skin appendages destroyed
Macrophages filled with M leprae

A

Lepromatous

61
Q

Treatment for tuberculoid leprosy

A

Dapsone plus rifampin

62
Q

Treatment for lepromatous leprosy

A

Dapsone
Clofazimine
Rifampin

63
Q

Localized infection in Lyme disease
Erythematous papule or macule expanding centrifugally with a distinct red border on bite site

May be targetoid
Most common sites: thigh axilla groin

A

Erythema migrans

64
Q

Advanced stage of Lyme disease

Localized violaceous erythema extends centrifugally over months to years

Leaves central areas of atrophy

A

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

65
Q

Treatment for Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline 100mg BID for 7-14 days for early localized and disseminated disease

14-28 days for late stage

Derm Fitz (12 decks)

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