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Derm Fitz > Section 25- Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Section 25- Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Most important defense against invasion of pathogenic bacteria

A

Intact stratum corneum

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2
Q

What strain of MRSA is the major cause of skin and soft tissue and more invasive infections in the community and health care settings?

A

MRSA USA300

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3
Q

Bacteria most commonly known for causing Erythrasma

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

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4
Q
  • asymptomatic except for discoloration
  • patches sharply marginated
  • tan or pinkish
  • occuring intertriginous skin and other occluded sites
A

Erythrasma

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5
Q

Wood’s lamp fluorescence that differentiates Erythrasma from intertriginous psoriasis

A

Bright coral red fluorescence

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6
Q

Most common site for Erythrasma in temperate climates

A

Webspaces

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7
Q

Treatment for Erythrasma

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash
Sanitizing alcohol gel
Clindamycin lotion
Erythomycin

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8
Q

Bacteria that causes Pitted Keratolysis

A

Kytococcus sedentarius

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9
Q
  • punched out pits in stratum corneum
  • may become confluent
  • more apparent with hyperhidrosis and maceration
  • seen in pressure bearing areas
A

Pitted Keratolysis

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10
Q

Treatment for Pitted Keratolysis

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash
Sanitizing alcohol gel
Topical antibiotics- clinda, erythro
Aluminum chloride solution

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11
Q

Superficial colonization of hair shaft in sweaty regions

A

Trichomycosis

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12
Q

Etiology of trichomycosis

A

Corynebacterium tenuis

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13
Q
  • malodorous granular concretions

- hair appears thickened, beaded and firmly adherent

A

Trichomycosis

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14
Q

Treatment for trichomycosis

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash
Sanitizing alcohol gel
Antiperspirant
Shaving

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15
Q

Cause of impetigo

A

S. aureus

GAS

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16
Q

Honey colored crusted lesions

A

Impetigo

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17
Q

Superficial blisters containing clear yellow or slightly turbid fluid with erythematous halo

Rupture easily

More common in intertriginous sites

A

Bullous impetigo

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18
Q

Ulceration with thick adherent crust

Lesions may be tender, indurated

Usually occurs at occluded sites

Common in homeless or soldiers

A

Ecthyma

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19
Q

Portal of entry of S aureus in folliculitis, furuncle and carbuncle

A

Ostium of hair follicle

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20
Q

Variant of folliculitis that is deep and extends beneath the infundibulum

A

Sycosis

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21
Q

Treatment for resistant bacterial folliculitis

A

Minocycline
TMP-SMX
Quinolones

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22
Q

Treatment for gram negative folliculitis

A

Discontinue antibiotics (for acne)
Benzoyl peroxide wash
Ampicillin 250mg QID
TMP SMX QID

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23
Q

Treatment for abscess, furuncle, carbuncle

A

Incision and drainage

Systemic antibiotics for immunocompromised or if there is systemic infection

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24
Q

Acute spreading infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissues

Red, hot and tender area of the skin

S. aureus

A

Cellulitis

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25
Variant of cellulitis involving cutaneous lymphatics
Erysipelas
26
Usual cause of erysipelas
Beta hemolytic streptococci
27
Most common site of cellulitis in adults
Lower leg
28
Acute peripheral lesion with proximal tender or painful red linear streaks leading toward regional lymph nodes
Lymphangitis
29
Most common parhogen in wound infections
S aureus
30
Macular scarlatiniform rash Face neck axillae groin initially Positive Nikolsky sign Desquamation occurs with healinf Mucous membrane uninvolved
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
31
- Fever, hypotension - Generalized and blanching scarlatiniform erythroderma - “painless sunburn” - mucosal erythema or ulcers - desquamation after 1 week of onset
Toxic Shock Syndrome
32
Cause of scarlet fever
Group A beta hemolytic strep (S. pyogenes) Exfoliative toxin producing S.aureus
33
High fever, fatigue sore throat - face flushed with perioral pallor - finely punctate erythema uppr part of trunk - linear petechiae (Pastia sign) - pharynx beefy red - Small red macules on soft palate (Forchheimer spots) - strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
34
-palms and soles usually spared in this infection by GABHS
Scarlet fever
35
Drug of choice for Scarlet fever
Penicillin
36
Nondescript painless pruritic papule, 3-5 days after inoculation - transmitted through contact with animals - evolve to vesicle to ulcer to dry eschar
Cutaneous anthrax
37
Drug of choice for cutaneous anthrax
Systemic penicillin
38
Tache noir occurs in all spotted fevers except
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
39
All spotted fevers pattern of distribution of erythematous macules and papules except for RMSF
Centrifugal
40
Drug of choice for rickettsial disorders
Doxycycline 100mg BID
41
Triad of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rash Fever History of tick bite during 1st 3 days of illness
42
2-6mm pink blanchable macules that evolve to deep red papules then become hemorrhagic Rash begins on wrists forearms and ankles then spreads to trunk thighs and face Fever chills headache myalgia
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
43
Fulminant meningococcal septicemia High fever shock widespread purpura DIC thrombocytopenia adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse- Friderichsen Syndrome
44
Respiratory droplet spread Small pink blanchable macules and papules Petechiae and ecchymoses then Hemorrhagic bullae that undergo necrosis and ulcerate
Meningococcemia
45
Maplike gray to black areas of cutaneous infarction in meningococcal infection
Purpura fulminans
46
Bacteria that causes cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
47
Innocuous looking small papule vesicle or pustule With regional lymphadenopathy 2-3 weeks after inoculation With cat contact
Cat scratch disease
48
Treatment for cat scratch disease
None- spontaneous resolution
49
Pruritic papule after insect bite Regional lymphadenopathy High fever Animal reservoir rabbits squirrel beaver
Tularemia
50
Treatment of choice for tularemia
Streptomycin
51
Immunologic response to M leprae: Acute or insidious tenderness and pain along affected nerve Associated with loss of function
Lepra Type 1
52
Immunologic response to M leprae: Erythema nodosum leprosum- seen in half of LL patients within 2 years of treatment Most common in face and extensor limbs
Lepra Type 2
53
Immunologic response to M leprae: Shallow large polygonal sloughing ulcerations on the legs Diffuse LL individuals
Lucio reaction
54
What spectrum of leprosy: Few well defined hypopigmented hypesthetic macules with raised edges covering trunk Advanced lesions anesthetic and devoid of skin appendage Large peripheral nerve enlargement frequent
Tuberculoid | TT, BT
55
What spectrum of leprosy: Lesions are intermediary and composed of macules, papules and plaques Anesthesia and decreased sweating
Borderline BB
56
What spectrum of leprosy: Skin colored or slightly erythematous papules or nodules Loss of hair and leonine favors Bilateral symmetric involvement of earlobes face arms buttocks More extensive nerve involvement Others: upper respiratory tract, anterior chamber of eye, testes
Lepromatous | LL,BL
57
Key hallmarks of lepromatous leprosy
Diffuse skin infiltration Multiple nodular lesions Sensory loss
58
This stain is used for slit skin smears in leprosy
Ziehl Neelsen stain
59
Dermatopathology of this type of leprosy shows epitheloid cell granulomas around dermal nerves AFB are sparse or absent
Tuberculoid
60
Dermatopathology of this type of leprosy shows Extensive cellular inflitrates Skin appendages destroyed Macrophages filled with M leprae
Lepromatous
61
Treatment for tuberculoid leprosy
Dapsone plus rifampin
62
Treatment for lepromatous leprosy
Dapsone Clofazimine Rifampin
63
Localized infection in Lyme disease Erythematous papule or macule expanding centrifugally with a distinct red border on bite site May be targetoid Most common sites: thigh axilla groin
Erythema migrans
64
Advanced stage of Lyme disease Localized violaceous erythema extends centrifugally over months to years Leaves central areas of atrophy
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
65
Treatment for Lyme disease
Doxycycline 100mg BID for 7-14 days for early localized and disseminated disease 14-28 days for late stage

Derm Fitz (12 decks)

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