Section 3 Quiz Flashcards
types of nationalist movements
unification - mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands ex: 19th century germany and italy
separation - culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away ex: greeks in the ottoman empire and french speaking canadians
state building - culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture ex: usa and turkey
aging empires that contained a mixture of ethnic groups
austrian empire of the hapsburgs
russian empire of the romanovs
ottoman empire of the turks
how did the austrian empire fall apart
prussia defeated austria in the 1866 austro-prussian war. prussia won and gained the north german confederation. the hungarians pressured emperor francis joseph of austria to split his empire in half, declaring austria and hungary independent states, with himself as ruler of both. the empire was then called the austria-hungary or the austro-hungarian empire. nationalist disputes weakened the empire for more than 40 years, until it fell apart after ww1
how did the russian empire fall apart
the romanov dynasty instituted Russification, which forced russian culture on all the ethnic groups in the empire, which strengthened ethnic nationalist feelings and helped to disunify Russia. it fell apart after ww1 and the communist revolution, officially in 1917
how did the ottoman empire fall apart
conservative turks made up the dominant population and got mad when the ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the ppl under their rule. in response, the ottomans massacred and deported armenians from 1894 to 1896 and again in 1915. it fell apart after ww1
how did the greeks gain independence from the ottoman empire
revolted against ottoman turks in 1821 and gained the support of russia, gb, and france. russia bc of orthodox church and gb and france bc of land. they win the naval Battle of Navarino in 1827 then sign a treaty in 1830 that guarantees an independent Greece
how did northern italy unite?
piedmont-sardinia was the largest and most powerful of the italian states and it had just adopted a liberal constitution in 1948, so the liberal italian middle classes wanted to be unified with them. di Cavour was named prime minister of Sardinia and united n italy by provoking war w the austrians and gaining the alliance of the french, where they won 2 victories and took all of n italy except for venetia
how did southern italy unite?
giuseppe garibaldi captured sicily as a soldier who led a small army of italian nationalists. he and his army always wore bright red shirts, so they became known as the Red Shirts. from sicily, he marched north and agreed to unite the southern areas he conquered like palermo and naples with piedmont-sardinia
how did italy totally unify?
cavour and garibaldi agreed to step aside and let king victor emmanuel II to rule Italy; he was the sardinian king before. in 1866 venetia was added and in 1870 the papl states were added, which included rome, which would later become the capital
why did prussia lead german unification?
it had a mainly german population, so nationalism unified it
prussia’s army was the best
a new liberal constitution was written
how does bismarck come to power?
Wilhem I appointed him as his prime minister
he was a conservative
this was supported by the Junkers, who were conservative landowners
he was a master of realpolitik (politics of reality)
how did bismarck defy the constitutino
declared that he would rule without the consent of parliament and without a legal budget
what is the first step in german unification under prussi
bismarck allied with austria and went to war against denmark to win german territories: Schleswig and Holstein - they each got one
seven weeks war
austria vs prussia 1866
prussia won and gained venetia, which was given to Italy, while prussia took more german territory
effect: prussia unified north german confederation
franco-prussian war
cause: southern catholic germans resisted northern protestant prussian rule
bismarck declared war on france to rally the south in 1870
effect: southern germany accepted prussian leadership, king wilhem I of prussia was crowned kaiser/emperor
