French Revolution Flashcards
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
1789
Estates General
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Constitution of 1791
1789-1791
National Assembly
Constitutional Monarchy
War with Austria and Prussia
Royal family imprisoned
1791-1792
Legislative Assembly
First French Republic
Louis XVI executed
Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Spain join war against France
1792-1795
National Convention
Reign of Terror
1793-94
Committee of Public Safety
what was the cause of the French Revolution
ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu
success of American Revolution
origin of the idea that everyone should have equal rights
France in 1790’s:
basis for the United Nations and the European Declarations of Human Rights
1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man
who was Louis XVI’s wife and where was she from
Marie Antoinette, Austria
rich people in France
culottes
poor people in France
sans-culottes
what was wrong w france that made the people revolt?
gov't was unresponsive to ppl's needs near bankruptcy laws were unfair the economy was in shambles there were many poor people food was in short supply prices were high the nobility was selfish and schemed for power
rich got ____, poor got ____
richer, poorer
estates in france
King
1st Estate- clergy
2nd Estate- nobles
3rd Estate- peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie(professionals: doctors, lawyer, merchants)
who paid taxes in the beginning
only the third estate: not first or second
Roman Catholic clergy made up _% of the population and was divided into ___ and ___. they owned -% of the land
1%
upper clergy- bishops
lower clergy- priests in the country
5-10%
nobles made up _% of the population, owned __% of the land, and had many priviledges. they held the positions of __ and __
2% of the population
25% of the land
held high gov’t and military posts
where did artisans live
paris
why were peasants poor
bc of the payments they made to the first two estates
what are the 3 groups of the revolutionaries and what did they want
Radicals- get rid of king, erase all traces of the past
Moderates- limit king’s power
Royalists- no change(keep absolute monarchy)
did the 3rd estate have a say in gov’t affairs
no
what is the flawed voting system
each estate gets one vote, so the third estate could never get anything done since they were always outvoted 2-1
How could the French Revolution have been prevented?
a fair system of taxation
political system that gave more ppl a voice
gov’t takes better care of ppl’s $
a more effective response to food shortages
a social structure that allows advancement based on merit
competent ruler
use army to crush revolutionaries, like cromwell did
French Revolution time period
1789-1815
when was the last and most recent estates general
1614, 1789
what was the eg
the french equivalent of the english parliament
why did louis call the estates general
to get the first and second estates to pay taxes
the third estate had more delegates than the first two estates combined, so they wanted
each delegate to have one vote so the third estate can outvote the first two
what happenned when the third estate said they wanted each delegate to have one vote
the king refused to change the voting system and locked them out of the estates general
what did the bourgeoisie do after being locked out of the eg
named themselves the National Assembly and got to a tennis court and make the Tennis Court Oath
Tennis Court Oath
promise not to leave the court until they had written a new constitution for France
what was louis afraid of from the tennis court oath and what mistake did he make
he was afraid of the third estate writing a new constitution and the first and second estates joining them
he should’ve killed them, but he didn’t bc he wasn’t a good leader
what was the legislative assembly split into
whether to change the system or keep it the same
what does louis do after the EG that spooks the people and makes them think that Louis is against the Legislative Assembly and is going to crush it
he moves troops to Versailles to protect him
does the third estate like the legislative assembly
yes - it’s their ticket to a better life
what and when do the crowds show the king they are fighting back
when they attack Bastille on July 14th, 1789
this is the official start of the Revolution
why did the crowds attack bastille
it was a symbol of royal oppression
they thought it contained weapons
it was a prison and insane asylum
what was an effect of Bastille
the great fear
what is the Great Fear
when rumors were spread that the nobility was hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants. the peasants armed themselves w pitchforks and axes to destroy and loot the nobles’ property, including paperwork that said the nobles were in charge of the peasants
what do nobles do under the national assembly
relinquish their priviledges and agreed that all male citizens could hold gov’t, army, or church office
who and what did they create that made sure the law applies equally to all citizens, all people are equal before the law, freedome of speech, press, religion, protected against random arrests and punishments
national assembly, Declaration of the Rights of Man
does the king accept or reject the declaration
reject- the ppl think he’s against the national assembly
March to Versailles
ppl come to Versailles and force king to move to Paris so they can keep an eye on him and make sure he supports the national assembly
how did the NA weaked the catholic church
church lands were taken and sold to pay off the huge gov’t debt. they placed itunder control of the gov’t and transformed the clergy into elected officials
who took the church lands, sold them, and transformed clergy
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
what was included in the Constitution of 1791?
keeps king but limits his power
one house assembly whose members were elected
right to vote given to males who paid taxes
how did everyone feel about the new france and new constitution of 1791
moderates- happy
royalists- thought it went too far
radicals- felt it didnt’ go far enough
this is when the differences btw the revolutionaries split them
what does the royal family try to do
disguise themselves and escape from France to Austria to build an army, crush the revolution, and regain his throne
what does louis trying to flee do
it gives him no credibility, which make the undecided ppl (Plains) join the radicals, which make them in power
who goes to war with france to try to restore louis to the throne
austria in 1793
when france and austria go to war, the radicals take over the ____ and call for a _____ to write a new constitution for france
legislative assembly
national convention
the radicals take ____ prisoner and behead him in __
louis, January 1793
who is the leader of the radicals that executed louis
Robes Pierre
what do the monarchs of other countries do
they are stirred up against france and its revolutionaries bc they don’t want it to happen to them
what changes do the radicals make
change calendar, weights, measures, months, street names, and eveyr man can vote
radicals
Jacobins - they want the civil liberties talked about in the Enlightenment
moderates
Girondists - from Girond
undecided
Plain
were the french revolutionaries doing well against the pro soldiers of europe
no
what did the revolutionaries form to repel an attack and direct the war effort
Committee of Public Safety
who are overwhelmed by the war and problems at home
jacobins/radicals
problems of the jacobins:
civil war btw royalists and revolutionaries
rising food prices and bread shortages
gov’t infighting btw radicals and moderates, leading to the arrest of many moderaes, death of the radical leader, Marat
what will happen as the jacobins look to eliminate their enemies
the Reign of Terror
who institutes the reign of terror
Committee of Public Safety
extremely different
radical
radical actions in history
execution of leaders (ex: Louis XVI)
systematic extermination of groups of people (ISIS, Hitler)
gassing innocents (kids in Syria, Holocaust)
9/11
when is radical change a good thing
when it grants people their civil liberties (ex: BIll of Rights, women’s suffrage movement, Enlightenment ideas)
when is radical change a bad thing
when it deprives people of their civil liberties (communisim in USSR and China, genocide in Rwanda and Balkans)
the ability to have civil liberties
civil rights
How many people do the radicals execute during the reign of terror?
40,000
Leaders of the radicals who were also leaders of the committee of public safety
Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton, and Jean-Paul Marat
Who in the kings family was included in the executions?
his wife, marie antoinette
what did the committee of public saftey create during their executions
demorcatic republic mafe up of good citizens called the republic of virtue
what did the republic of virtue do
opened new schools, implimented measures to control inflation, abolished slavery and encouraged religious toleration
what religion was not included in the religious toleration and why
catholisim bc it was linked with the monarchy
what did robespierre do after danton said he wanted to end the reign of terror
he had him guillotined
what happened after robespierre killed danton
committee arrested him and had him killed
What came ack and got rid of the republic of virtue
national convention
what was the first thing the national convention did after they replaced the republic of virtue
wrote new consitution
who was the directory led by?
men called dictators
how many houses where in the directiory
2
was napoean tall or hsort
short 5’3
was napolean a successful military leader?
best officer with many victries but a very bad ego
how does napolean start his military career
as a lowly officer in the french army
What happens to napoleon in 1802
becomes Consul for Life
What does napoleon do when he was 35
crowns himself emperor in 1804
Napoleons battle strategy
take initiative and determine the location of the battle and would frequently attempt to outflak the enemy and attack their lines of communication, excellent manuvering, flanking and isolating the enemy
what would napoleon do when when he was faced with superior numbers
he would divide the enemy army and defeat each section individually
what did napoleon do when faced with inferior numbers?
smash into an opponents flank, distracting them and damaging morale
impact of napoleons rule
a. brings much needed stability to france
b. conquering army spread the ideas of the french revolution around europe but at the same time made the areas he conquered want to be free
c. nationalism will cause will cause of slew of revolutions in europe in the mid 1800s that wil challenge the established empires and lead to the creations of nations like germany and italy
d. his battle tactics are still studied today
e. europe was mostly at war while he was in power
