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World Studies > French Revolution > Flashcards

French Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
1789

A

Estates General

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2
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Constitution of 1791
1789-1791

A

National Assembly

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3
Q

Constitutional Monarchy
War with Austria and Prussia
Royal family imprisoned
1791-1792

A

Legislative Assembly

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4
Q

First French Republic
Louis XVI executed
Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Spain join war against France
1792-1795

A

National Convention

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5
Q

Reign of Terror

1793-94

A

Committee of Public Safety

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6
Q

what was the cause of the French Revolution

A

ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu
success of American Revolution

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7
Q

origin of the idea that everyone should have equal rights

A

France in 1790’s:

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8
Q

basis for the United Nations and the European Declarations of Human Rights

A

1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man

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9
Q

who was Louis XVI’s wife and where was she from

A

Marie Antoinette, Austria

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10
Q

rich people in France

A

culottes

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11
Q

poor people in France

A

sans-culottes

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12
Q

what was wrong w france that made the people revolt?

A 
gov't was unresponsive to ppl's needs
near bankruptcy
laws were unfair
the economy was in shambles
there were many poor people
food was in short supply
prices were high
the nobility was selfish and schemed for power
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13
Q

rich got ____, poor got ____

A

richer, poorer

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14
Q

estates in france

A

King
1st Estate- clergy
2nd Estate- nobles
3rd Estate- peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie(professionals: doctors, lawyer, merchants)

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15
Q

who paid taxes in the beginning

A

only the third estate: not first or second

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16
Q

Roman Catholic clergy made up _% of the population and was divided into ___ and ___. they owned -% of the land

A

1%
upper clergy- bishops
lower clergy- priests in the country
5-10%

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17
Q

nobles made up _% of the population, owned __% of the land, and had many priviledges. they held the positions of __ and __

A

2% of the population
25% of the land
held high gov’t and military posts

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18
Q

where did artisans live

A

paris

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19
Q

why were peasants poor

A

bc of the payments they made to the first two estates

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20
Q

what are the 3 groups of the revolutionaries and what did they want

A

Radicals- get rid of king, erase all traces of the past
Moderates- limit king’s power
Royalists- no change(keep absolute monarchy)

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21
Q

did the 3rd estate have a say in gov’t affairs

A

no

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22
Q

what is the flawed voting system

A

each estate gets one vote, so the third estate could never get anything done since they were always outvoted 2-1

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23
Q

How could the French Revolution have been prevented?

A

a fair system of taxation
political system that gave more ppl a voice
gov’t takes better care of ppl’s $
a more effective response to food shortages
a social structure that allows advancement based on merit
competent ruler
use army to crush revolutionaries, like cromwell did

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24
Q

French Revolution time period

A

1789-1815

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25
Q

when was the last and most recent estates general

A

1614, 1789

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26
Q

what was the eg

A

the french equivalent of the english parliament

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27
Q

why did louis call the estates general

A

to get the first and second estates to pay taxes

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28
Q

the third estate had more delegates than the first two estates combined, so they wanted

A

each delegate to have one vote so the third estate can outvote the first two

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29
Q

what happenned when the third estate said they wanted each delegate to have one vote

A

the king refused to change the voting system and locked them out of the estates general

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30
Q

what did the bourgeoisie do after being locked out of the eg

A

named themselves the National Assembly and got to a tennis court and make the Tennis Court Oath

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31
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

promise not to leave the court until they had written a new constitution for France

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32
Q

what was louis afraid of from the tennis court oath and what mistake did he make

A

he was afraid of the third estate writing a new constitution and the first and second estates joining them
he should’ve killed them, but he didn’t bc he wasn’t a good leader

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33
Q

what was the legislative assembly split into

A

whether to change the system or keep it the same

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34
Q

what does louis do after the EG that spooks the people and makes them think that Louis is against the Legislative Assembly and is going to crush it

A

he moves troops to Versailles to protect him

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35
Q

does the third estate like the legislative assembly

A

yes - it’s their ticket to a better life

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36
Q

what and when do the crowds show the king they are fighting back

A

when they attack Bastille on July 14th, 1789

this is the official start of the Revolution

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37
Q

why did the crowds attack bastille

A

it was a symbol of royal oppression
they thought it contained weapons
it was a prison and insane asylum

38
Q

what was an effect of Bastille

A

the great fear

39
Q

what is the Great Fear

A

when rumors were spread that the nobility was hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants. the peasants armed themselves w pitchforks and axes to destroy and loot the nobles’ property, including paperwork that said the nobles were in charge of the peasants

40
Q

what do nobles do under the national assembly

A

relinquish their priviledges and agreed that all male citizens could hold gov’t, army, or church office

41
Q

who and what did they create that made sure the law applies equally to all citizens, all people are equal before the law, freedome of speech, press, religion, protected against random arrests and punishments

A

national assembly, Declaration of the Rights of Man

42
Q

does the king accept or reject the declaration

A

reject- the ppl think he’s against the national assembly

43
Q

March to Versailles

A

ppl come to Versailles and force king to move to Paris so they can keep an eye on him and make sure he supports the national assembly

44
Q

how did the NA weaked the catholic church

A

church lands were taken and sold to pay off the huge gov’t debt. they placed itunder control of the gov’t and transformed the clergy into elected officials

45
Q

who took the church lands, sold them, and transformed clergy

A

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

46
Q

what was included in the Constitution of 1791?

A

keeps king but limits his power
one house assembly whose members were elected
right to vote given to males who paid taxes

47
Q

how did everyone feel about the new france and new constitution of 1791

A

moderates- happy
royalists- thought it went too far
radicals- felt it didnt’ go far enough
this is when the differences btw the revolutionaries split them

48
Q

what does the royal family try to do

A

disguise themselves and escape from France to Austria to build an army, crush the revolution, and regain his throne

49
Q

what does louis trying to flee do

A

it gives him no credibility, which make the undecided ppl (Plains) join the radicals, which make them in power

50
Q

who goes to war with france to try to restore louis to the throne

A

austria in 1793

51
Q

when france and austria go to war, the radicals take over the ____ and call for a _____ to write a new constitution for france

A

legislative assembly

national convention

52
Q

the radicals take ____ prisoner and behead him in __

A

louis, January 1793

53
Q

who is the leader of the radicals that executed louis

A

Robes Pierre

54
Q

what do the monarchs of other countries do

A

they are stirred up against france and its revolutionaries bc they don’t want it to happen to them

55
Q

what changes do the radicals make

A

change calendar, weights, measures, months, street names, and eveyr man can vote

56
Q

radicals

A

Jacobins - they want the civil liberties talked about in the Enlightenment

57
Q

moderates

A

Girondists - from Girond

58
Q

undecided

A

Plain

59
Q

were the french revolutionaries doing well against the pro soldiers of europe

A

no

60
Q

what did the revolutionaries form to repel an attack and direct the war effort

A

Committee of Public Safety

61
Q

who are overwhelmed by the war and problems at home

A

jacobins/radicals

62
Q

problems of the jacobins:

A

civil war btw royalists and revolutionaries
rising food prices and bread shortages
gov’t infighting btw radicals and moderates, leading to the arrest of many moderaes, death of the radical leader, Marat

63
Q

what will happen as the jacobins look to eliminate their enemies

A

the Reign of Terror

64
Q

who institutes the reign of terror

A

Committee of Public Safety

65
Q

extremely different

A

radical

66
Q

radical actions in history

A

execution of leaders (ex: Louis XVI)
systematic extermination of groups of people (ISIS, Hitler)
gassing innocents (kids in Syria, Holocaust)
9/11

67
Q

when is radical change a good thing

A

when it grants people their civil liberties (ex: BIll of Rights, women’s suffrage movement, Enlightenment ideas)

68
Q

when is radical change a bad thing

A

when it deprives people of their civil liberties (communisim in USSR and China, genocide in Rwanda and Balkans)

69
Q

the ability to have civil liberties

A

civil rights

70
Q

How many people do the radicals execute during the reign of terror?

A

40,000

71
Q

Leaders of the radicals who were also leaders of the committee of public safety

A

Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton, and Jean-Paul Marat

72
Q

Who in the kings family was included in the executions?

A

his wife, marie antoinette

73
Q

what did the committee of public saftey create during their executions

A

demorcatic republic mafe up of good citizens called the republic of virtue

74
Q

what did the republic of virtue do

A

opened new schools, implimented measures to control inflation, abolished slavery and encouraged religious toleration

75
Q

what religion was not included in the religious toleration and why

A

catholisim bc it was linked with the monarchy

76
Q

what did robespierre do after danton said he wanted to end the reign of terror

A

he had him guillotined

77
Q

what happened after robespierre killed danton

A

committee arrested him and had him killed

78
Q

What came ack and got rid of the republic of virtue

A

national convention

79
Q

what was the first thing the national convention did after they replaced the republic of virtue

A

wrote new consitution

80
Q

who was the directory led by?

A

men called dictators

81
Q

how many houses where in the directiory

A

2

82
Q

was napoean tall or hsort

A

short 5’3

83
Q

was napolean a successful military leader?

A

best officer with many victries but a very bad ego

84
Q

how does napolean start his military career

A

as a lowly officer in the french army

85
Q

What happens to napoleon in 1802

A

becomes Consul for Life

86
Q

What does napoleon do when he was 35

A

crowns himself emperor in 1804

87
Q

Napoleons battle strategy

A

take initiative and determine the location of the battle and would frequently attempt to outflak the enemy and attack their lines of communication, excellent manuvering, flanking and isolating the enemy

88
Q

what would napoleon do when when he was faced with superior numbers

A

he would divide the enemy army and defeat each section individually

89
Q

what did napoleon do when faced with inferior numbers?

A

smash into an opponents flank, distracting them and damaging morale

90
Q

impact of napoleons rule

A

a. brings much needed stability to france
b. conquering army spread the ideas of the french revolution around europe but at the same time made the areas he conquered want to be free
c. nationalism will cause will cause of slew of revolutions in europe in the mid 1800s that wil challenge the established empires and lead to the creations of nations like germany and italy
d. his battle tactics are still studied today
e. europe was mostly at war while he was in power

World Studies (16 decks)

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