Chapter 3 Notes

Question 1

What new technology made European voyages possible?

Answer 1

caravel vessel, triangular latine sails, and Chinese magnetic compasss

Question 2

How did the Portuguese establish an extensive trading empire?

Answer 2

1509: Portugal entered the Indian Ocean region by defeating a Muslim fleet using canons
1514: they strengthened hold by capturing Hormuz including the Strait of Hormuz which connected the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea and stopped Muslim traders from going to India
1510: capture Goa and made it the capital of their trading empire
1511: capture Malacca including the Strait of Malacca which gave the control of the Spice Islands

Question 3

What countries teamed up to defeat the Portuguese trading empire?

Answer 3

The English and Dutch
they both made East India Companies, but the Dutch was better so after they beat Portugal they got rid of English too
Dutch had largest navy at time with 20,000 ships

Question 4

what is world wide trade

Answer 4

global interdependence

Question 5

what does revenue mean

Answer 5

taxes

Question 6

define economy

Answer 6

1. money made

2. business development

Question 7

what do taxes pay for

Answer 7

military and courts

Question 8

what four countries make their mark in the Americas

Answer 8

netherlands
england
spanish
france

Question 9

how do you judge a president?

Answer 9

existing issues?
economy?
fulfill campaign promises? (good or bad? benefit the country?)
make a mess?
agenda?
foreign policy/military success?

Question 10

How did Hongwu reform China?

Answer 10

restored agricultural lands devastated by war - increased rice production and improved irrigation, encouraged fish farming growing commercial crops (cotton and sugar cane)
erased all traces of the Mongol past
promoted China’s power and prosperity
returned Confucian moral standards
restored merit-based civil service examination system

Question 11

How did the Ming Dynasty collapse?

Answer 11

It had many problems like ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, gov’t w/o money. higher taxes and bad harvests pushed millions of peasants toward starvation. Civil strife and rebellion followed.

Question 12

Why do people isolate themselves from others?

Answer 12

Chinese: wanted credit for their own ideas, afraid of change
dont want to be hurt
fear of the unknown
fear of being rejected
need a break, down time

Question 13

what is a merit system

Answer 13

when people advance in jobs because of their skill and quality of work as opposed to advancing just because of a last name or who you know

Question 14

How did the Tokugawa Shogunate unify Japan?

Answer 14

By defeating his rivals at the battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu earned the loyalty of all daimyo. he became the shogun and moved the capital to Edo (Tokyo) and used alternate attendance policy to tame the daimyo

Question 15

What is the purpose of principles?

Answer 15

to guide thought, which leads to behavior which guides decision making

Question 16

What are the principles of Japan?

Answer 16

take care of people
be virtuous
protect country

Question 17

What are the principles of the US?

Answer 17

life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

justice and democracy (main principles)

Question 18

Compare and contrast Tokugawa and Ming

Answer 18

similarities:
- both ruled by principles (T- people, virtue, country, M- Confucius)
- both drove rivals out (T- Sekigahara(rival daimyo&Buddhist monasteries), M- Mongols)

differences: (maintained stability differently)
T- held families hostage
M- used merit system

Question 19

Compare and contrast Japan and China w outsiders

Answer 19

similarities:

• both traded w Europeans bu then isolated themselves
• both interested in foreign access but skeptical

differences:
japanese gave foreigners more leeway until peasant revolt
chinese made foreigners do the kowtow

Question 20

what s the difference b/tw the emperor and shogun?

Answer 20

emperor- the face of the nation. it was believed he had descended from a sun goddess so no one could take him out. he owned lots of land
shogun- military commander. had lots of powerful weapons and control over the daimyo, which ruled locally

Question 21

Why did the peasants revolt?

Answer 21

they weren’t educated and were very impressionable. they were oppressed in an economic and social sense. Christian missionaries gave them hope

Question 22

What type of persuasion are both China and japan?

Answer 22

Mongoloid

Question 23

What passed from China to Japan?

Answer 23

bronze technology, title of emperor, Confucianism, Buddhism, and knowledge of iron-working

Question 24

What increased Japan’s exposure to Chinese civilization?

Answer 24

their interest and interaction in Korea

Question 25

what was adapted for writing the japanese language?

Answer 25

chinese script

Question 26

controlled the emperors through marriage alliances

clans begin to get stronger and challenge leading clan for power

Answer 26

Fujiwara Era (700-1185)

Question 27

Who is the first shogun?

Answer 27

Minamoto Yoritomo

Question 28

strongest man of this clan takes title of shogun or commander in chief
rules in the emperor’s name, but does what he wants, not what the emperor wants
emergence of samauri warriors
bound themselves to serve the lords of different clans
loyalty, endurance, bravery

Answer 28

Kamakura Era (1185-1333)

Question 29

Mongol attacks strain and weaken the Kamakura clan
Go-Daigo, Japanese emperor triggers a revolt against the Kamakura
Kamakura are defeated by a turn coat,which turns the control over to Go-Daigo
Competing feudal lords (daimyo) fought for control

Answer 29

Warring states period (1333-1600)