Section 3: Hematopoiesis Flashcards
What does cythemia mean?
Specific to blood cells, usually increased number
Most blood cell production occurs in which organ at birth?
Bone marrow
In which body parts is the bone marrow active in adults?
Pelvic, spine, ribs, skull, shoulders, top of femur
Distinguish between yellow and red marrow
Yellow = mostly fat
Red marrow = mostly developing blood cell lines
Normal adult bone marrow tissue displays what percent tissue and fat?
50% each
Function of spleen?
- Macrophages
- IgM synthesis
- Storage of platelets
- Site of extramedullary (outside BM) hematopoiesis
Function of liver?
- synthesize proteins/coagulation factors
- store vitamins and minerals
- conjugate and transport bilirubin
- site of extramedullary
Diseases in liver?
- hemolytic anemias/RBC dysplasia
- porphyrias (enzymatic deficiency)
- lipid storage diseases
What is porphyrias?
Enzymatic deficiency that results in accumulation of intermediate products of heme production
Differences between lymph and blood composition?
Lymph has lower protein content and no RBCs
Lymph node function?
Proliferation of lymphocytes
Processing of specific Ig
Filter junk and bacteria
Pathophysiology of lymph nodes?
Filtration function makes them susceptible to infection and malignant cells
Thymus function? What cells does it hold?
T cell maturation. Holds T. cells, B cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and myeloid cells
Non-development of thymus during gestation and adulthood differences?
Gestation: lack of T cell formation -> impaired immune response
Adulthood: maintain T cell pool for life
Two types of stem cells?
- Pluripotential SC (noncommitted)
- Lineage specific precursor (committed/multipotential)
List 4 types of cytokines
- CSFs (colony-stimulating factors)
- Kit ligand
- Stem cell factor
- Interleukins
Function of CSFs?
Cell differentiation
Function of Kit ligand and stem cell factor?
Growth factors. Mast cell proliferation
IL roles/traits?
- Hematopoiesis
- Inflammatory/autoimmune reactions
- Effective at low concentrations
- Amplification potential
Erythropoietin function? Where is it synthesized? When is it released?
Functions to induce hemoglobin and RBC synthesis in BM. Synthesized in kidney. Released when blood oxygen levels are low
Thrombopoietin function? Where is it synthesized? What signals its release?
Functions to activate platelet production. Produced mostly in liver, somewhat in kidney. Low PLT count stimulates production. Its release is concentration-dependent
How does TPO work?
TPO binds PLTs, thus preventing them from stimulating platelet proliferation. Concentration-dependent
