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Hematology I Fall > Section 15: Heme Instruments/troubleshooting > Flashcards

Section 15: Heme Instruments/troubleshooting Flashcards

1
Q

What methods does the Coulter Principle use?

A

Impedance or direct current technology

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2
Q

What does the Coulter Principle do in terms of cells?

A

basic principle of counting and sizing particles in two containers separated by a small hole (aperture) and electrodes are on top of each container

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3
Q

In the coulter principle, how is resistance measured? What solution is added?

A

with electrodes connected to a ohmmeter, a saline solution is added

*Michelle: I think this is measured by oscilloscope. The Ohmmeter was her giving a simpler example of something else

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4
Q

In the coulter principle, after cells are added to one side and the spigot is opened what happens?

A

each time a cell passes through the aperture it displaces a small amount of electrolyte and increases resistance between electrodes

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5
Q

If you drain 1mL from the cell side of the container (coulter principle) and count the number of needle flicks, what would you learn?

A

you would learn the number of cells per mL in suspension

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6
Q

What happens if you replace the ohmmeter with a battery oscilloscope in the coulter principle?

A

each cell through the aperture creates an electrical pulse/spike on the oscilloscope and the height of the spike is proportional to cell sizes

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7
Q

What is a threshold?

A

a set size limit used to choose a pulse size

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8
Q

what is a channel?

A

area between thresholds, can be used to sort a population into many subgroups by size

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9
Q

what are some notes about the aperture impedance system?

A

eliminates recirculation of cells
cells pushed away from critical (counting) zone by diluent
more accurate counts

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10
Q

what is coincidence correction?

A

provides accurate histograms and reliable cell sizing for RBC and PLT indices

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11
Q

what kind of counting does the aperture impedance system use?

A

triplicate counting, ensures precision and reduces repeats

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12
Q

Describe the RBC histogram pictured

A

normal :)

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13
Q

Describe the RBC histogram(s) pictured

A

top left: cold aggultination
top right: macrocytosis, target cells..etc
bottom left: rbc fragments, microcytes, nRBCs, big platelets
bottom right: DI rbcs, transfusion (dimorphic)

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14
Q

What things are measured with RBC grading?

A

accurate MCV, RDW
detects DI populations
Micro rbc/fragments
agglutination

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15
Q

Describe the PLT histogram

A

normal

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16
Q

What does PLT curve fitting do?

A

allows more accurate counts when PLT are larger than 20 fL

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17
Q

PLT counting and sizing: coulter impedance counting has what kind of curve fitting? what does it do?

A

has patented curve fitting and is a process that is used in conjugation w/ wbc histogram review for plt clumps and giant plt flags

18
Q

Describe what is happening in the plt histograms

A

top: giant plts
bottom: small plts

19
Q

Coulter wbc histogram: what cells correspond to the REL NO.?

A

Lymphs: 50-90fl
baso:100 fl
Monos: 90-160fl
eos: 160 fl
Neuts: 160-450fl

20
Q

How many fL are lymphs, Monos and Neuts each?

A

Lymphs - 50-90fl
Monos - 90 - 160 fl
Neuts - 160 - 450fl

21
Q

Describe the WBC histograms present

A

top left: granulocytes w varied sizes, immature neuts
top mid: lymphocytosis
top right: variant lymphs
bottom left: imm neuts
bottom mid: eos
bottom right: blasts

22
Q

How do you perform near native wbc analysis?

A

rbc removed from dilution using lytic process; second agent prevents alteration of white cells

23
Q

notes about hydrodynamically focused flowcell

A

laminar flow ensures single file cell passage
coincidence effects are minimal

24
Q

What is flow cytometry?

A

technique for counting/exam/sorting particles suspended in a fluid stream. Allows multiparametric analysis of characteristics of single cells

25
Q

What are some factors of biophysical flow cytometry?

A

cells are hydrodynamically focused, diluted blood is injected into “sheath” of buffered saline which forces cellls past detector

26
Q

VCS technology uses what three main principles?

A

volume, light scatter and conductivity

27
Q

What are some main principles used by the 3-D VCS Scatterplot?

A

nuc shape and comp
granules
cytoplasm
cell size

28
Q

Define the following terms in regards to coulter VCS technology:
Volume
Conductivity
light scatter:

A

volume = size
conductivity = internal comp
light scatter = cell shape/surface

29
Q

how is total cell volume measured?

A

measured using reference method of direct current impedance and is unaffected by cell orientation

30
Q

Conductivity: how is internal cell structures measured?

A

measured via radiographic imaging (similar to ultrasound)
proprietary technology

31
Q

how is light scatter/cell surface granularity measured?

A

measured using a broad range of angles. over 60 angles of light scatter are analyzed

32
Q

3-D cellular analysis - VCS measures what three things in the 3D field?

A

Volume, conductivity, light scatter are all directly measured

33
Q

Describe the data plot

A

normal

34
Q

Sysmex direct current w/ hydrodynamic focus uses what and measures what?

A

uses fluorescent flow cytometry - nuc acid and cytoplasmic organelles
measures fluorescence and side angle light scatters

35
Q

Sysmex WBC measures what?

A

measures the forwards scatter, side scatter and side fluorescence of wbc populations

36
Q

sysmex WBC placement in the scatter is based on what two components?

A

size (forwards scatter) and internal comp (side)

37
Q

sysmex RBC counting method: RBC and HCT are measured based on what technology?

A

impedance technology (DC) HCT measured based on volume of rbc determined by DC detection

38
Q

sysmex hemoglobin measurement is used with?

A

utilizing Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) has no cyanide and minimal interface in lipemic samples or w ab proteins

39
Q

What are the three steps in SLS measurement?

A

1.) denaturation of globin molecule
2.) oxidation of heme molecule
3.) conversion of SLS-hgb

40
Q

Siemens healthcare: Advia: what are the three main points?

A

flow cytometry based
light scatter
MPO

41
Q

Abbott Cell-DYN sapphire: what are the 4 main focusing points?

A

optical light scatter
fluorescence
impedance
MAPSS

Hematology I Fall (14 decks)

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