Section 2B Flashcards
Why might you hear a heart murmur in children or even elderly with perfectly healthy hearts
Their heart walls are relatively thin and vibrate with rushing blood.
What is a heart murmor
Abnormal heart sound
What is an incompetent heart murmur
“swishing”
Doesn’t close all the way
What is a Stenotic heart murmur
High pitch or “click”
Doesn’t open all the way
What problem does a heart murmur indicate?
Valve problems
What is Valvular Stenosis
When a heart valve doesn’t open properly
What is Valvular Regurgitation/Incompetence/Insufficiency
When a valve does not close properly
-Frequently occurs in backflow of blood
What is the end result of valve dysfunction?
Myocardial hypertrophy - This happens to increase the pumping capability of the heart
Describe Aortic stenosis (3)
- Diminished blood flow from left ventricle into aorta
- Results in decreased SV and CO, Faint pulses
- Left Ventricle Hypertrophy results to compensate for pumping ability
What are the 3 causes of Aortic Stenosis
- Birth defect of Aortic valve (normally has 3 cusps)
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Degenerative Calcific Aortic Stenosis
What is Mitral Stenosis and what are manifestations of its presence
- Impairment of blood flow from Left atrium to Left ventricle
- Less ventricular filling, Decreased SV, and Decreased CO
- Increased LA pressure and LA hypertrophy, LV hypertrophy
2 causes of Mitral Stenosis
- Rheumatic Fever
2. Congenital Heart Defect
Rheumatic Fever can have two affects on Mitral valve causing Mitral Stenosis. What are they
- Infection may cause leaflets of valve to thicken limiting valve’s ability to open.
- Infection may cause leaflets to fuse together preventing it from opening and closing properly
Describe what happens during Aortic Insufficiency
Blood ejected during ventricular systole flows back into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole
What 4 main causes of Aortic Insufficiency
- Congenital Heart Defect
- Deterioration of valve with age
- Infective endocarditis
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
