Lecture 4B Flashcards
What are the muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm
External Intercostals
What 2 main things does the respiratory system do?
Ventilation (Breathing or Respiration)
Gas Exchange
What are the muscles of expiration
Internal intercostals
Abdominal muscles
When the diaphragm contracts, which direction does it go?
Inferiorly and flattens out. The thoracic cavity increases in length
When the external intercostals contract, they do what two things?
- Elevate the ribs superolaterally
2. Move the sternum anteriorly
Which of these is an active process?
Inhalation or Exhalation
Inhalation
Exhalation (forced)
Which of these has elastic recoil?
Inhalation or Exhalation
Exhalation
Which of these is associated with the phrenic nerve?
Inhalation or Exhalation
Inhalation
What happens when the internal intercostals contract?
Depress the ribcage
Decrease Thoracic volume
What happens when the internal abdominal muscles contract?
THey raise the intra-abdominal pressure, which forces the abdominal viscera superiorly against the diaphragm
3 structures of Upper Respiratory tract
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
4 structures of the Lower Respiratory tract
- Trachea
2 Bronchi - Bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts and sacs
The airways begin with the trachea and then branch to yield a bronchial tree. How many approximate branch generations are there that yields what two function zones?
23 branch generations
Conduction zone and Respiratory zone
What happens in the respiratory zone?
Gas Exchange
What occurs in the conduction zone?
Moves air Warms air Moistens air Filters air airway resistance
Where is the greatest site of airway resistance?
Bronchi and Bronchioles (where there is lots of smooth muscle)
The bronchi and bronchioles are affected by SNS via what receptors? ParaNS via what receptors?
SNS: Beta 2 receptors (Bronchodilation)
PNS: Muscarinic receptors (Bronchoconstriction)
Where does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli (Majority) Respiratory Bronchioles (Small amount)
Alveoli are surrounded by:
Pulmonary capillaries
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Sphenoidal
- Ethmoidal
Why do sinus infections often develop from colds in which the nasal mucosa is inflamed?
Because the mucosa that lines the sinuses is continuous with the mucosa that lines the nose
What are the 3 parts of the Pharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
The arytenoid cartilages are important for what two things?
Influencing the position and tension of the vocal cords
The trachea is mainly composed of rigid cartilagenous structures called:?
Tracheal rings
