Lecture 3D

Question 1

What is Hypertension?

Answer 1

Consistent (chronic) elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (MAP)
-1 elevated BP reading does not constitute the hypertension diagnosis

Question 2

Why is hypertension deadly? (5)

Answer 2

• Not easily detected - Silent disease
• Most cases are typically asymptomatic
• Stimulates arterial vessels to thicken and strengthen, less elasticity and lose ability to change diameter
• Damages delicate capillaries of the eyes and kidneys
• Directly creates a substantially higher after load increasing the heart’s workload and causing myocardial hypertrophy.

Question 3

What is Primary (essential) Hypertension

Answer 3

Chronic elevation in blood pressure that occurs without any evidence of other disease
- accounts for 90-95% of HTN cases

Question 4

Primary hypertension is related to what things?

Answer 4

Advancing age
Race
Family history
Gender
Obesity
Smoking
Heavy alcohol consumption
High salt intake
Sedentary lifestyle
Stress

Question 5

What is Secondary Hypertension

Answer 5

Caused by a disorder of that situation that increases TPR or CO
- 5-10% of hypertensive cases

Question 6

6 examples of disorders that can increase TPR or CO and cause secondary hypertension

Answer 6

1. Renal Failure (most common)
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Renin-producing tumors
4. Cushing’s syndrome
5. Hyperaldosteronism
6. Pheochromocytoma

Question 7

How does Thiazise Diuretics lower blood pressure?

Answer 7

Increase urine production and blood volume and BP decreases

Question 8

How do ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure?

Answer 8

Shut down the ACE enzyme

Cannot convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

Question 9

How do Angiotensin Receptor Blockers lower blood pressure?

Answer 9

Receptors for angiotensin are disenabled

Question 10

How do Beta-Blockers lower blood pressure?

Answer 10

NE from SNS cannot raise HR

Question 11

How do CCBs lower blood pressure?

Answer 11

Block Calcium channels

Question 12

Non-Dihydropyridines and Dihydropydridines?

Answer 12

In class worksheet maybe?

Question 13

What is an Aneurysm?

Answer 13

Abnormal localized dilation or outpouching of the wall of an artery.
Vessel walls are weak
Often times silent

Question 14

What are the 3 types of Aneurysms?

Answer 14

Berry
Circumferential
Dissecting

Question 15

Explain the berry Aneurism

Answer 15

One piece of the wall or side (common in the Circle of Willis).

Question 16

Explain circumferential aneurism

Answer 16

Entire wall of the artery outpouches

Common in abdominal aorta

Question 17

Explain Dissecting aneurism

Answer 17

Similar to circumferential

Wall bows out and tears inside. This causes the tunics to separate from one another.