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My Cardiopulmonary > Section 2A > Flashcards

Section 2A Flashcards

0
Q

What is Diastole

A

Period of relaxation and filling

-Atrial diastole and Ventricular diastole

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1
Q

What is Systole

A

Period of contraction and emptying

-Atrial systole and Ventricular systole

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2
Q

What is Stroke Volume

A

Quantity of blood pumped out of either ventricle per beat

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3
Q

What is the stroke volume at rest and its maximum

A

At rest: 70 ml/beat

Maximum: 120 ml/beat

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4
Q

Define Heart rate

A

Number of times the heart beats per minute

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5
Q

What is the heart rate at rest and at its maximum?

A

At rest: 72 beats/min

Maximum: 230 beats/min

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6
Q

What is Cardiac Output

A

Quantity of blood pumped by either ventricle per minute

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7
Q

Cardiac Output at rest and at its maximum?

A

At rest: 5 L/min

Maximum: 20-25 L/min

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8
Q

What equations explains the relationship between CO, HR, and SV?

A

HR x SV = CO

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9
Q

Define Venous Return

A

Quantity of blood returned to the heart per minute

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10
Q

Normally, the venous return equals what?

A

The cardiac output

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11
Q

Define End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

A

Quantity of blood remaining in either ventricle at the end of the ventricular diastole

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12
Q

What is the average value of EDV?

A

130 ml

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13
Q

Define End Systolic Volume

A

Quantity of blood remaining in either ventricle at the end of ventricular systole

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14
Q

Equation for Ejection Fraction

A

SV/EDV

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15
Q

All 4 chambers of the heart are relaxed and all valves are closed

A

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

16
Q

What 3 events are occurring during Isovolumetric Ventricular relaxation

A
  1. All chambers of heart are relaxed and valves are closed
  2. Ventricular volume is constant and pressure is decreasing
  3. Left atrium is filling with blood that has returned from the pulmonary veins; left atrial pressure is rising
17
Q

2 events of End of Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

A
  1. Left atrial pressure (LAP) exceeds Left ventricular pressure (LVP), resulting in opening of the Mitral valve
  2. Ventricular filling ensues
18
Q

Ventricular filling has what three phases?

A
  1. Rapid Passive Filling
  2. Slow Passive Filling
  3. Atrial Systole
19
Q

Rapid Passive Filling

A
  1. Blood flows quickly through the mitral valve and into the relaxed ventricle
  2. Ventricle volume increasing
  3. Third heart sound produced
  4. No muscle contraction
20
Q

What occurs during Slow Passive Filling (Diastasis)

A
  1. Blood flows slowly through mitral valve and into the relaxed ventricle
  2. Ventricle volume increases
  3. No muscle contractions
21
Q

What occurs during the 3rd phase of filling called the Atrial Systole

A
  1. Atrium are depolarized and contract producing a small contribution to ventricular volume
22
Q

What occurs immediately after Atrial Systole

A
  1. LVP>LAP which causes mitral valve to shut
  2. First heart sound produced
  3. Volume in the left ventricle is the End Diastolic Volume
23
Q

What occurs during Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction phase

A
  1. Left ventricle is depolarized and contracts
  2. LVP rises steadily
  3. No Ejection of blood because ventricular volume stays constant
24
Q

What occurs during Rapid Ventricular Ejection (4)

A
  1. Left ventricle develops enough pressure so that LVP>LAP
  2. Aortic semilunar valve opens and blood is ejected
  3. Aortic pressure rises
  4. Left Ventricular pressure continues to rise as well
25
Q

What occurs when entering back into Isovolumetric Relaxation

A
  1. LVP falls below aortic pressure and the aortic semilunar valve closes
  2. Second heart sound produced
  3. Aortic pressure falls because blood runs to arteries
  4. T wave produced
  5. Volume of blood left in ventricle is ESV
26
Q

What is the Dichrotic notch?

A
  1. Closure of the aortic valve causes a brief rise in aortic pressure as backflowing of blood rebounds off the closed valve cusps

My Cardiopulmonary (17 decks)

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