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My Cardiopulmonary > Lecture 3B > Flashcards

Lecture 3B Flashcards

1
Q

Name the six places where the blood is distributed in the body under normal resting conditions. Include also the percentage of blood sent to these areas

A
  1. Cerebral (15%)
  2. Coronary (5%)
  3. Renal (25%)
  4. Gastrointestinal (25%)
  5. Skeletal muscle (25%)
  6. Skin (5%)
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2
Q

What is Ohm’s Law

A

Q= (delta) Pressure/Resistance

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3
Q

Blood flow through arteries is affected by what two major variables?

A

Pressure and Resistance

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4
Q

What is the blood flow (Q)

A

Quantity of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or the entire circulation in a given period of time (L/min)

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5
Q

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

A

The relationship between Resistance, Viscosity, Vessel Length and Vessel Radius
–> R=8VL/(pie) r^4

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6
Q

What has the greatest influence on resistance?

A

Radius of the vessel

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7
Q

Define blood Pressure:

A

The force with which blood is pushed against the walls of blood vessels

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8
Q

Why does blood pressure fall progressively through the circulation?

A

Energy from heart dissipates with distance

Branching distributes pressure

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9
Q

What is Systolic Pressure (SP)

A

Highest amount of pressure reached during ventricular ejection of blood.
-First sound heard when measuring BP (top number)

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10
Q

What is Diastolic Pressure (DP)

A

The minimum amount of pressure just before ventricular ejection begins
-Last sound heard when measuring BP (bottom number)

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11
Q

The energy of ventricular contraction is used in two ways. Describe each

A
  1. Part of the energy of ventricular contraction provides flow during ventricular systole (Systolic propulsion)
  2. Remainder is stored as potential energy and released by the RECOIL of the arterial wall which propels the blood distally and provides the “diastolic runoff”. (Diastolic propulsion)
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12
Q

What is the “Wind Kessel” effect?

A

It is the pressure-storing property of the aorta released by the recoil of the arterial wall, which propels the blood distally. This helps provide a more continuous rather than pulsatile flow to the peripheral tissues.

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13
Q

T or F, An alteration of systolic and diastolic propulsion provides a more continuous rather than pulsatile flow to the peripheral tissues.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

The actual pressure that propels blood to tissues; in other words, the “average” pressure in a cardiac cycle

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15
Q

What is the equation for MAP

A

2/3 DP + 1/3 SP = MAP

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16
Q

What is the Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) which is also called the Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

A

The sum of all resistance in the vasculature

17
Q

What are the 3 important sources of resistance within a single vessel

A
  1. Blood Viscosity
  2. Vessel Length (constant)
  3. Vessel diameter or Radius
18
Q

Blood Viscosity depends on what factors? (4)

A
  1. Concentration of the suspended medium (the formed elements)
  2. Velocity of flow - usually high with low viscosity
  3. Radius of the vessel
  4. RBC aggregation (Rouleaux) at lower flow velocities
19
Q

In low hematocrit states such as anemia, what happens to viscosity and vascular resistance?

A

They both decrease

20
Q

In high hematocrit states such as polycythemia and leukemia, what happens to viscosity, vascular resistance and blood pressure?

A

Viscosity: Increases
Vascular Resistance: Increases
Blood Pressure: Increases

21
Q

In high hematocrit states, the increase in viscosity and resistance can lead to what?

A

Blood clotting due to decreased flow.

22
Q

This entire lecture is based on Ohm’s law and Poiseulle’s law. Know them inside and out

A

Q=R/P

R=8VL/(pie) r^4

23
Q

A two fold increase in vessel radius augments flow by what?

A

16 fold

24
Q

A four-fold increase in vessel radius augments flow by what?

A

256 fold

25
Q

What occurs to resistance and blood flow when arteries are vasoconstricted

A

Resistance increases more than pressure

Blood flow decreases

26
Q

What occurs to pressure and blood flow when veins are venoconstricted?

A

Pressure increases more than resistance
Blood flow increases
Venous return increases

My Cardiopulmonary (17 decks)

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