Section 2 - Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are prokaryotic organisms?
Prokaryotic cells (they’re single-celled organisms)
What are eukaryotic organisms made up of?
Eukaryotic cells
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain?
Organelles
What are the 4 organelles that animal and plant cells have in common?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell-surface membrane
- Mitochondria
Function of nucleus
Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) that controls what the cell does
Function of cytoplasm
Cytoplasm contains enzymes that speed up biochemical reactions
Function of cell-surface membrane
Cell-surface membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the
Function of mitochondria
Mitochondria are where glucose and oxygen are used in respiration to provide a source of energy for the cell
What are the 3 extra organelles that plant cells contain but animal cells don’t?
- Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
- Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
Function of rigid cell wall
Rigid cell wall made of cellulose gives the cell support
Function of vacuole
Vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. They help in the storage and disposal of various substances.
Function of chloroplasts
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. They’re found in the green parts of plants, e.g. leaves and stem.
How much smaller are prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are roughly a tenth the size of eukaryotic cells
What 3 organelles do prokaryotes lack that plant cells contain?
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
As prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, where do they store their genetic material?
Their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm. Some prokaryotes also have rings of DNA called plasmids.
