Section 2: Chapter 10

Question 1

The growth of liberal opposition to 1905

Answer 1

1895 - Nicholas rejected petition from Zemstvo calling for national advisory body
Prince Lvov/ noble liberals continued to demand National Assembly
Struve helped found ‘union of liberation’ (1903)
Liberals = little political influence before 1905 but contributed to pressure for change

Question 2

social revolutionary party

Answer 2

• founded in 1899
• combined Marxism with populist ideas
• most influential theorist = ‘chernov’ (law grad/editor of party journal)

Question 3

what were the aims/purpose of the SR party

Answer 3

• unite peasants/ workers (labouring poor) in fight against autocracy
• stir up discontent in countryside
• disrupt gov through political assassinations
• assassinated prime minister

Question 4

who supported to SR party

Answer 4

• 50% of support - urban working class
• large peasant membership

Question 5

what happened to the SR party

Answer 5

• secret police infiltrated movement and over 4000 sentenced to death

Question 6

the social democratic party

Answer 6

created in 1898 out of various Marxist groups
- shared basic principles with SR’s
- party split in 1903

Question 7

what did the social democratic workers party believe

Answer 7

• believed working class was exploited by their masters
• impetus for change had to come from working class itself

Question 8

bolshevik (majority) party

Answer 8

• led by Lenin
• believed in centralised /disciplined organisation of professional revolutionary’s
• total dedication to revolution

Question 9

menshevik party (Minority)

Answer 9

led by Martov
- supported by Trotsky
- believed in broad party with mass working class membership
-cooperation w/ liberals

Question 10

trade unions

Answer 10

-legalised after 1905 revolution
- however: 100’s closed down/denied registration after 1906
- 1912 - shooting of unarmed demonstrators at Lena Goldfields massacre = wave of strikes (but forcefully repressed)

Question 11

other opposition groups

Answer 11

• moderate lib’s tried to cooperate with Dumas - in hope of further constitutional reform
• after 1905 - no single strong opposition among nationalities

Question 12

what weakened the SR and SD parties between 1905 - 1914

Answer 12

• exile of their leaders
• rivalry between both parties
• organisational difficulties - lack of finance etc