section 1: chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
moderate liberal opposition
A
- no. literate/educated Russians influence grew - they had wealth/time to consider political matters
- most were either westernisers or Slavophiles
2
Q
westerners as an opposition force
A
- wanted to adopt western values
- favoured representative assemblies
- less power to church
expressed views through Zemstva
3
Q
Slavophiles as an opposition force to westernisers
A
- wanted to preserve culture + heritage
- preferred peasant based society
- wanted to preserve orthodox church principles
4
Q
what influence did the famine of 1891-2 have on growth of opposition
A
- gov failed to provide adequate relief
- Zemstva assumed responsibility for improving conditions
- 1890s -renewed calls for national body - to advise gov
5
Q
radical opposition
A
- developed among younger generation
- heightened by repression of 1860’s
- fuelled by radical socialist writers
6
Q
what was ‘young Russia’
A
- 1862
- group of students that published manifesto arguing for ‘bloody/merciless revolution’
7
Q
what was ‘the organisation’
A
- 1863
- set up by Moscow Uni students that called for radical reform
8
Q
outline 2 important radical thinkers
A
- Herzen - editor of illegal radical journal - advocated for peasant based social structure
- Bakunin - private land ownership should be replaced by collective ownership
9
Q
the Tchaikovsky circle
A
- 1868-9 (st Petersburg) literary group organised printing/publishing of revolutionary literature
-sought social revolution - 1872 - organised workers - send them to work among peasants
10
Q
who was Pyotr Lavrov
A
- involved with populism
- 1874 - encouraged 2000 men /women from nobility to exploit peasant discontent in countryside.
11
Q
what was Narodnyism/populism
A
the idea of ‘going to the people’
12
Q
why did Lavrovs first attempt at ‘going to the people’ fail
A
- peasants ignorance/superstition + loyalty to Tsar - incomers were reported to authorities - 1600 arrested
13
Q
outline the second attempt of ‘going to the people’
A
second attempt - 1876
- also failed
- series of ‘show trials’ held
- partially successful - did spread radical opposition
14
Q
land and liberty
A
- (1877) - continued populist tradition
- members sought work w/ peasant communes
- some political assassinations (head of 3rd section - 1878)
- gained public sympathy but gov didn’t respond
15
Q
when did land and liberty split
A
- split in 1879
