Section 106 Flashcards
What is section 106?
First aid and field sanitation fundamentals
How many general rules of first aid are there?
9
9 general rules of first aid
1) Take a moment to get organized.
2) unless contraindicated, make your preliminary examination in the position and place you find the victim.
3) a multi-victim situation, limit your preliminary survey to observing for
4) examine the victim for fractures, especially in the skull, neck, spine, and rib area
5) Remove enough clothing to get a clear idea of the extent of the injury. Respect the victim’s modesty as you proceed, and do not allow the victim to become chilled
6) Keep the victim reassured and comfortable
7) Avoid touching open wounds or burns with your fingers or unsterile objects.
8) Unless contraindicated, position the unconscious or semiconscious victim on his side or back, with the head turned to the side to minimize choking or the aspirating of vomitus. Never give an unconscious person any substance by mouth
9) always carry a litter patient feet first
What is the difference between tactical and non tactical?
Tactical is military (Class)
Non tactical is civilians (priority)
What is triage?
to sort
What are the classes for tactical?
Class 1-require minor professional treatment
Class 2- require immediate life-sustaining measures or are of a moderate nature
Class 3-treatment can be delayed without jeopardy to life or loss of limb.
Class 4-wounds or injuries would require extensive treatment beyond the immediate medical capabilities
What are the priorities of non tactical?
Priority 1-correctable life-threatening illnesses or injuries such as respiratory arrest or obstruction, open chest or abdomen wounds, femur fractures, or critical or complicated burns.
Priority 2- serious but non-life-threatening illnesses or injuries (eye injuries)
Priority 3- minor injuries (soft tissue injuries, simple fractures)
Priority 4- dead or fatally injured
What is ABCDE?
Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Expose
What is a primary survey?
A rapid initial assessment to detect and treat life-threatening conditions that require immediate care
What is a secondary survey?
A complete and detailed assessment consisting of a subjective interview and an objective examination, including vital signs and head-to-toe survey
When should be completed once on scene?
10 minutes
What is essence of shock control and prevention?
To recognize the onset of the condition and to start treatment before the symptoms fully develop
What is the BPM of Neurogenic shock?
60 bpm
What is BPM of Hemorrhagic shock?
140bpm
what is the best way to control external bleeding?
pressure dressing
What is a pressure point?
A point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
How many pressure points are there?
22 (11 on each side)
What is your last resort to control hemorrhages?
Tourniquet
Do you give medications to someone with a head wound?
NO
What is priority in a facial wound?
maintain an airway
Always cover both eyes and never remove any embedded objects. (T or F)
true
All chest wounds are considered serious. (t or f)
true
What is the most serious chest wound?
sucking chest wound
Do you ever push a persons intestines back in for an abdominal wound?
NO
Do you ever give anyone with an abdominal wound a drink?
NO
What position is someone with an abdominal wound placed in?
Supine
What is a closed fracture?
break that does not penetrate the skin
What is an open fracture?
broken bone that penetrates the skin
How do you splint a broken forearm?
- Carefully straighten arm
- Two splints, one on top and bottom (elbow to wrist)
- bandage in place
- forearm across chest, Palm in with thumb up
- wise sling and cravat bandage
- 4 inches above elbow
- treat for shock
How many inches is a forearm splinted?
4 inches
Where should splint extend from for an upper arm fracture and what should you never attempt?
from the shoulder to the elbow and do not attempt to straighten
How do you splint a thigh fracture?
- around the ankle
- over the knee
- just below the hip
- around the pelvis
- just below the armpit
How to splint a lower leg fracture and how many splints?
carefully straighten the leg and add a pneumatic splint if not use 3 splints
How do you splint a clavicle fracture?
Use a sling and allow gravity to set the bone, but old days used to do a figure of 8 dressing
How do you splint a rib fracture?
place arm on injured side against chest with palm flat, thumb up, and forearm raised 45 degree angle and immobilize
What are three types of burns and their recovery times?
1st degree-epidermal layer- a week
2nd degree-epidermal blisters and moisten appearance, damages extends to dermis-2 to 3 weeks
3rd degree-full thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty tissue-skin grafts may be needed
What is the treatment for burns?
- IV fluids for burns (over 20% bsa) start in an unburied area
- relieve mild pain with aspirin
- wet compress or ice water immersions for less than 20% on BSA
- morphine for serious pain
- smalls burns relieved with anesthetic ointment
What are some heat injuries?
Heat cramps
Heat stroke
Heat exhaustion
Most common heat injury
heat exhaustion
Difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke
Heat stroke- victims sweating mechanism suffers a breakdown and cannot eliminate excessive body heat
Heat exhaustion- most common in hot environments (heat collapse or heat prostration)
What is the morality rate of a heat injury?
20%
When should you stop actively recooling?
102 degrees
What should you do if the temperature rises again in a heat case patient?
If it rises to 103 degrees, begin recooling and check every 10 minutes rectally
What is hypothermia?
abnormally low body temperature
What is the treatment for hypothermia?
- rewarm victim ASAP
- watch vitals, cpr may be needed during rewarming
- replace may wet clothing
- immersion in a warm tub of water(100 to 104)
- observe signs of shock
- External heat on both sides (buddy warming)
- dry victim completely
What is immersion foot and its treatment?
Prolonged exposure to wet cold at temperatures ranging from just above freezing
- Get the victim off his feet as soon as possible.
- Remove wet shoes, socks, and gloves to improve circulation.
- Expose the affected area to warm, dry air.
- Keep the victim warm.
- Do not rupture blisters
Difference between superficial and deep frostbite?
Superficial- surface of the skin will feel hard, but the underlying tissue will be soft, allowing it to move over bony ridges
Deep- Reaches into the deep tissue layers. There are ice crystals in the entire thickness of the extremity. The skin will not move over bony ridges and will feel hard and solid
How many ways are there to treat water?
3
What are the ways to treat water?
Use iodine tabs
Boil water
Calcium hydrochloride
How do you use iodine tabs?
find cleanest source of water available
1 for clean water
2 for cloudy water
double the amount if you have a 2quart canteen
replace the cap wait 5 min
tighten the cap and wait another 25 min b4 drinking for total of 30 min
Dimensions of a cat hole and when is it used?
1 ft wide, 1 ft deep
When on the March
dimensions of a straddle trench and when is it used?
4ft long, 2 1/2 ft deep, 1ft
1 to 3 day bivouac sites.
What are some carries for a down marine?
Fireman's carry One-man support carry One-man arms carry Saddleback carry Pack strap carry Pistol-belt carry
How do you make a litter out of nothing?
How do you make a litter out of nothing?
