Section 1: Chapter 13 Harmonize Melodies Using Chord Movement

Question 1

What is a chord progression?

Answer 1

A chord progression is a series of chords strung together to establish a certain tonality based off of a key.

Question 2

What are chord progressions sometimes referred to?

Answer 2

Chord progressions are sometimes referred to as chord “changes” because they outline a harmonic shift from one chord to another.

Question 3

What are melodies?

Answer 3

musically satisfying connections of notes

Question 4

Musical works are made of sound and silence, consisting of rhythm, notes, and chords progressions is called a _____________________.

Answer 4

Melodies?

Question 5

What is a chord tone?

Answer 5

chord tone is a note in a melody that is also part of a given chord.

Question 6

What is a non-chord tone?

Answer 6

A non-chord tone is a written pitch that is not a part of the chord.

Question 7

Non chord tones can have what?

Answer 7

Non- chord tones have either by diatonic or chromatic movement.

Question 8

What is a chromatic approach tone?

Answer 8

Non-chord tones that approach chord tones chromatically.

Question 9

What are scale approach tones?

Answer 9

Non-chord tones that approach chord tones diatonically.

Scale approach may move to a chromatic approach by half step. However, the chromatic approach must immediately move to a chord tone in the same direction.

Question 10

How many classifications of chords are there?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What chord is not in a group classification?

Answer 11

Tonic

Question 12

What is chords are in Group 1 classification?

Answer 12

• Group 1 – Dominant (V) and the leading tone (vii /VII) triads have a dominant function along with the Aug III in harmonic and ascendoing Melodic Minor.

Question 13

What is group 2 classification?

Answer 13

• Group 2 – Subdominant (IV/iv) and the supertonic (ii/ii ) have a subdominant function

Question 14

What chords are in the group 3 classification?

Answer 14

• Group 3 – Submediant (vi) has a tonic function.

Question 15

What is in the group 4 chord classification?

Answer 15

• Group 4 – Mediant (iii/III) has a tonic or dominant function.

Question 16

What is the definition of dominant relationship?

Answer 16

The relationship recognized by the roots of each triad a perfect 5th from each other

Question 17

How is a key established?

Answer 17

An established key occurs whenever a dominant functioning triad/chord (Group 1) moves to the tonic.

Note: The established key does not happen until the V – I movement.

Question 18

What is a normal chord progression?

Answer 18

A normal chord progression occurs when chord groups progress from left to right through each successive group.

Note that it is not required to begin a normal progression with Group 4. Remember
that any chord may follow Tonic.

Question 19

What is elision?

Answer 19

Elision in a chord progression occurs when one chord group is skipped in a left to right sequence. When this happens, normal progression needs to follow.

Question 20

What is a neutral tonic?

Answer 20

A neutral key occurs when the key appears between two chords in a progression or between two positions of the same chord. When this happens, normal progression typically follows.

Question 21

What is retrogression?

Answer 21

Retrogression occurs when chords move from right to left (Group 1 – 4). Retrogression is usually followed by normal progression.

Question 22

What voice motion rules should be followed?

Answer 22

• Use inversions to connect and create movement, especially if the melodic lines are experiencing repetitive notes.
• Use inversions to create a more interesting progression, especially in the bass line.
• Avoid parallel octaves. If the soprano and bass line are the same note, do not invert. They will move to the same note.
• Avoid unisons and parallel 5ths
• Watch for leaping inversions. Apply voicing rules.

Question 23

What is figured bass?

Answer 23

Figured bass is a technique used to visually see and analyze melodic and harmonic
movement. It uses a combination of Roman numerals, representing the primary or secondary triadic positions of chords and triads, with Arabic numerals placed alongside. The Arabic numerals represent intervals above the bass note in simple form. Therefore, all compound intervals above the bass note must be reduced to simple intervals. When properly analyzed, figured bass will identify all root and inverted position triads and chords.

Question 24

What is essential figured bass?

Answer 24

Some figured bass notations are abbreviated to help minimize excessive numerals

Question 25

What makes essential figuredbass different from full figures bass?

Answer 25

• There are no Arabic numerals used when analyzing root position
• In first inversions omit the 3. It is implied.
• In a root position 7th chord, omit the 5 and 3. They are implied.
• In a second inversion 7th chord, omit the 3. It is implied.
• In a third inversion 7th chord, omit the 6. It is implied.
• Figured bass does not indicate major or minor qualities.

Question 26

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a root position chord?

Answer 26

Full: 5
3

Essential: nothing

Question 27

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a first inversion triad

Answer 27

Full: 6
3

Essential: 6

Question 28

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a second inversion chord:

Answer 28

Full: 6
4

Essential: 6
4

Question 29

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a root position seventh chord?

Answer 29

Full: 7
5
3

Essential: 7

Question 30

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a first inversion seventh chord?

Answer 30

Full: 6
5
3

Essential: 6
5

Question 31

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a second inversion dominant chord?

Answer 31

Full: 6
4
3

Essential: 4
3

Question 32

What is the full figured bass and essential figured bass for a third inversion seventh chord?

Answer 32

Full: 6
4
2

Essential: 4
2