Second Semester - Unit 1 Flashcards
Who was John Wilkes Booth?
An actor, his whole family was famous, his brother Edwin was the first actor to get a statue on brodway, he was 25 when he killed Lincoln.
Why did Booth kill Lincoln?
He wanted to create a revival and respark the war.
Describe the other time Lincoln saw a JWB play
Booth said an accusatory line and pointed, in character, directly up to Lincoln who was in the same seat he would be in on the night he was murdered.
How was john described?
Athletic, black hair, stylish, handsome, ladies man
What was the original plan and whose house did the planners meet at?
To kidnap and hold Lincoln for ransom
8-12 people met at Mary surrat’s house.
What did Lincoln not participate in which made JWB mad?
Trading prisoners
Where did Lincoln go to get away from stress and why was this significant to the plan?
He went to the “old soldier’s home” and the plan was to take him from his buggy when he was making the three mile ride out there
Where was Lincoln making a speech at?
The national hotel. JWB was staying there but he happened to not be there because he was out waiting for Lincoln.
What was the new plan?
Kill Lincoln
Decapitate the government
Another man would kill the Vice President and another the Secretary of State
When did booths plan to have everyone kill their men?
At about ten o’clock during a long laugh line in the play
What did JWB do during the day to prepare for the night?
He went to the theater to get his mail and the worker let him in the auditorium because he was a famous actor. He drilled a peephole in the door. He placed a 2x4 piece of wood at the end of the hallway so he could block the door off.
Who came to the theater with the lincoln’s?
Clara Harris and Henry rathbone
What happened when Abe entered the theater?
They stopped the show and gave him a standing ovation
How did booth get past the security?
He told them that Lincoln had sent for him
What did he do once he got past the guards?
He put the 2x4 by the door to block it. He out a pistol in his right hand and a dagger in his left. He entered the box and shot Lincoln in the back of the head. Rathbone tried to come for him but he stabbed him all the way down the arm.
What happened during booth’s getaway?
He jumped over the balcony to try to get on the stage but his spur of his boot got stuck on the American flag draping the box, so he fell down and broke his leg.
What did booth yell on his way out?
Sic Semper Tyrannis- death for tyrants.
Where was Lincoln taken?
Williams Peterson’s house
What day did he die?
April 15, 1865 —-> the morning after the shooting
Who was to kill the Vice President and why did it not happen?
George Atzerodt. He got drunk in an alleyway and passed out because he lost his nerve.
Who was the Secretary of State at the time?
William Seward
Who was supposed to kill the Secretary of State and what was his plan?
Lewis Powell/Paine/Payne
He came to his door pretending to be someone dropping off medicine because the secretary was very sick and had a neck brace on. He ran into seward’s son on the way up and he got into a fight with him. He ran to thrash the secretary’s neck but he was blocked by the brace and only slashed his right cheek open
Where did JWB go?
To Maryland to the home of Samuel mudd to get healed
How long was he on the run?
12 days
Where did the army finally find him?
At the garret farm in Georgia
What did they have to do to get him out and who shot him?
Set the barn on fire
Boston Corbett shot him in the spinal chord
What were jwb’s last words?
“Tell my mother I died for my country”
Where was Lincoln buried?
Springfield Illinois
Who was the first woman to be executed by the government?
Mary surrat
What were the names of all the people hanged?
George Atzerodt, David herold, Lewis Powell, and Mary surrat
Who was the commander of Andersonville and what was it?
Henry wirz and it was the most in humane camp where he held Union soldiers captive
When was reconstruction?
1865-1877
What was the richest city in the nation before the war?
Nachez, Mississippi
What was the phrase of the south?
The south shall rise again.
What party did Lincoln form?
The American Union party
Who was the southern Vice President that Lincoln chose?
Andrew Johnson
What was the 10% plan?
10% of voters in any southern state took and oath of allegiance to the U.S. And then they were allowed back into the union.
If you were in the war at all, you could not run for a position in office
What did the two parts of the country think about Johnson?
North- didn’t accept him
South- they were mad at Johnson for being a traitor
Who were the northern democrats?
Supported Lincoln
Wanted to treat the south nicely
Did not want to accept the blacks into the union
Who were the radical republicans?
Treated the south as a defeated nation
Give blacks full rights of citizens hips and equality immediately
Who were the republican (moderate)?
Same as radicals, but they did not want to give immediate rights to blacks
What was a freedman?
A former slave
What did the Freeman’s bureau say?
Blacks were encouraged to stay with their owners but they get paid now. It gave basic clothes and needs to the people. Most slaves wanted to go back and find their families. These became black schools and started segregation.
What were johnson’s problems?
Good assistant leader, but he began to drink, no imagination/vision, set in his ways, ignored people and congress, almost a dictator, lost control of southern states, the confederates complained about the military
The black codes - what were they and what did they say?
A set of informal laws designed to regulate the ability of former slaves
Double standards for black punishment
Blacks were sent to a biased court, sentenced to work on the plantations as punishment
Who was the Vice President of confederates and what was he allowed in?
Alexander Stephens and the house of reps
What did Johnson do to publicize himself?
He went on a tour and sold his vision but was heckled everyone
What were parliamentary groups?
Whites who asserted their superiority on people
What was the most famous of the groups?
Ku klux klan it means closed circle “kuklon”
What did the night riders do?
They raped women, burnt homes, white men threatened black men, blacks were castrated and hung
What was lynching?
Being accused without a trial with mob justice and execution
What was another name for the kkk?
Invisible empire
Who was the KKK’s first grand wizard?
Nathan Bedford Forrest
What did the 14th amendment say?
Granted universal citizenship to all black peoples do gave black men the right to vote and run for public office it straightened out the 3/5 compromise
What was the congressional reconstruction act and what was the other name for it?
Military reconstruction act - it gave the requirements for a state to renter the union 1. Complete peace, law and order were restored in that state
Once a majority of citizens had taken an oath of allegiance to the constitution
Each of the 11 seceded states had to write a new constitution for universal male suffrage
Had to directly affirm the 14th amendment (public announcement)
What was the only state that immediately did these
Tennessee
What did congress do to all of the other states?
Placed them under Marshall law with a governor per every two states
Tenure of office act. What was it and who was it made for/who was the one that Jonson wanted gone?
Made by radicals and it was unconstitutional
He wanted Edwin Stanton- the Secretary of State gone
The act said that no president could let an advisor go without approval of the senate
Who did Johnson want to replace Stanton with?
Grant
What is impeachment?
An accusation - not removal, just being put on trial for something
Who was the top senator in Johnson’s trial?
Benjamin “Bluff” Wade
Who was the last man to vote in the trial? And how did he vote?
Edmond G. Ross. He did not want to remove him. He was radical, but did not think the impeachment trial was legit.
How many impeachment charges did Johnson have?
Eleven
Who won the 1868 election?
US grant destroyed Johnson
What was grant’s slogan?
“let us have peace”
How were the confederates forgiven?
With a blanket pardon
