Second Semester - Unit 1 Flashcards
Who was John Wilkes Booth?
An actor, his whole family was famous, his brother Edwin was the first actor to get a statue on brodway, he was 25 when he killed Lincoln.
Why did Booth kill Lincoln?
He wanted to create a revival and respark the war.
Describe the other time Lincoln saw a JWB play
Booth said an accusatory line and pointed, in character, directly up to Lincoln who was in the same seat he would be in on the night he was murdered.
How was john described?
Athletic, black hair, stylish, handsome, ladies man
What was the original plan and whose house did the planners meet at?
To kidnap and hold Lincoln for ransom
8-12 people met at Mary surrat’s house.
What did Lincoln not participate in which made JWB mad?
Trading prisoners
Where did Lincoln go to get away from stress and why was this significant to the plan?
He went to the “old soldier’s home” and the plan was to take him from his buggy when he was making the three mile ride out there
Where was Lincoln making a speech at?
The national hotel. JWB was staying there but he happened to not be there because he was out waiting for Lincoln.
What was the new plan?
Kill Lincoln
Decapitate the government
Another man would kill the Vice President and another the Secretary of State
When did booths plan to have everyone kill their men?
At about ten o’clock during a long laugh line in the play
What did JWB do during the day to prepare for the night?
He went to the theater to get his mail and the worker let him in the auditorium because he was a famous actor. He drilled a peephole in the door. He placed a 2x4 piece of wood at the end of the hallway so he could block the door off.
Who came to the theater with the lincoln’s?
Clara Harris and Henry rathbone
What happened when Abe entered the theater?
They stopped the show and gave him a standing ovation
How did booth get past the security?
He told them that Lincoln had sent for him
What did he do once he got past the guards?
He put the 2x4 by the door to block it. He out a pistol in his right hand and a dagger in his left. He entered the box and shot Lincoln in the back of the head. Rathbone tried to come for him but he stabbed him all the way down the arm.
What happened during booth’s getaway?
He jumped over the balcony to try to get on the stage but his spur of his boot got stuck on the American flag draping the box, so he fell down and broke his leg.
What did booth yell on his way out?
Sic Semper Tyrannis- death for tyrants.
Where was Lincoln taken?
Williams Peterson’s house
What day did he die?
April 15, 1865 —-> the morning after the shooting
Who was to kill the Vice President and why did it not happen?
George Atzerodt. He got drunk in an alleyway and passed out because he lost his nerve.
Who was the Secretary of State at the time?
William Seward
Who was supposed to kill the Secretary of State and what was his plan?
Lewis Powell/Paine/Payne
He came to his door pretending to be someone dropping off medicine because the secretary was very sick and had a neck brace on. He ran into seward’s son on the way up and he got into a fight with him. He ran to thrash the secretary’s neck but he was blocked by the brace and only slashed his right cheek open
Where did JWB go?
To Maryland to the home of Samuel mudd to get healed
How long was he on the run?
12 days
Where did the army finally find him?
At the garret farm in Georgia
What did they have to do to get him out and who shot him?
Set the barn on fire
Boston Corbett shot him in the spinal chord
What were jwb’s last words?
“Tell my mother I died for my country”
Where was Lincoln buried?
Springfield Illinois
Who was the first woman to be executed by the government?
Mary surrat
What were the names of all the people hanged?
George Atzerodt, David herold, Lewis Powell, and Mary surrat
Who was the commander of Andersonville and what was it?
Henry wirz and it was the most in humane camp where he held Union soldiers captive
When was reconstruction?
1865-1877
What was the richest city in the nation before the war?
Nachez, Mississippi
What was the phrase of the south?
The south shall rise again.
What party did Lincoln form?
The American Union party
Who was the southern Vice President that Lincoln chose?
Andrew Johnson
What was the 10% plan?
10% of voters in any southern state took and oath of allegiance to the U.S. And then they were allowed back into the union.
If you were in the war at all, you could not run for a position in office
What did the two parts of the country think about Johnson?
North- didn’t accept him
South- they were mad at Johnson for being a traitor
Who were the northern democrats?
Supported Lincoln
Wanted to treat the south nicely
Did not want to accept the blacks into the union
Who were the radical republicans?
Treated the south as a defeated nation
Give blacks full rights of citizens hips and equality immediately
Who were the republican (moderate)?
Same as radicals, but they did not want to give immediate rights to blacks
What was a freedman?
A former slave
What did the Freeman’s bureau say?
Blacks were encouraged to stay with their owners but they get paid now. It gave basic clothes and needs to the people. Most slaves wanted to go back and find their families. These became black schools and started segregation.
What were johnson’s problems?
Good assistant leader, but he began to drink, no imagination/vision, set in his ways, ignored people and congress, almost a dictator, lost control of southern states, the confederates complained about the military
The black codes - what were they and what did they say?
A set of informal laws designed to regulate the ability of former slaves
Double standards for black punishment
Blacks were sent to a biased court, sentenced to work on the plantations as punishment
Who was the Vice President of confederates and what was he allowed in?
Alexander Stephens and the house of reps
What did Johnson do to publicize himself?
He went on a tour and sold his vision but was heckled everyone
What were parliamentary groups?
Whites who asserted their superiority on people
What was the most famous of the groups?
Ku klux klan it means closed circle “kuklon”
What did the night riders do?
They raped women, burnt homes, white men threatened black men, blacks were castrated and hung
What was lynching?
Being accused without a trial with mob justice and execution
What was another name for the kkk?
Invisible empire
Who was the KKK’s first grand wizard?
Nathan Bedford Forrest
What did the 14th amendment say?
Granted universal citizenship to all black peoples do gave black men the right to vote and run for public office it straightened out the 3/5 compromise
What was the congressional reconstruction act and what was the other name for it?
Military reconstruction act - it gave the requirements for a state to renter the union 1. Complete peace, law and order were restored in that state
Once a majority of citizens had taken an oath of allegiance to the constitution
Each of the 11 seceded states had to write a new constitution for universal male suffrage
Had to directly affirm the 14th amendment (public announcement)
What was the only state that immediately did these
Tennessee
What did congress do to all of the other states?
Placed them under Marshall law with a governor per every two states
Tenure of office act. What was it and who was it made for/who was the one that Jonson wanted gone?
Made by radicals and it was unconstitutional
He wanted Edwin Stanton- the Secretary of State gone
The act said that no president could let an advisor go without approval of the senate
Who did Johnson want to replace Stanton with?
Grant
What is impeachment?
An accusation - not removal, just being put on trial for something
Who was the top senator in Johnson’s trial?
Benjamin “Bluff” Wade
Who was the last man to vote in the trial? And how did he vote?
Edmond G. Ross. He did not want to remove him. He was radical, but did not think the impeachment trial was legit.
How many impeachment charges did Johnson have?
Eleven
Who won the 1868 election?
US grant destroyed Johnson
What was grant’s slogan?
“let us have peace”
How were the confederates forgiven?
With a blanket pardon
What is a sharecropper?
When an owner of land gives the former slave a portion of the plantation and they farm and live on the land and get a portion of the profit and produce.
The sharecropper is the slave
The plantation owners opened shops and allowed the sharecroppers to but food and seeds, but they paid them with their crops that had not grown yet, so it was a new form of debt and slavery
Carpetbagger
A northerner who packed up their bags and went south to help the south rebuild
They were not good because they took advantage of the south.
Scalawag
Someone from the south who took advantage of the south like the carpetbaggers
What invention turned the south around?
Air conditioning
Who was really passionate about purchasing Alaska and expanding?
William Seward
What were some problem with Alaska?
Arctic wasteland
More Indian problems would arise
No one wanted to live there
Who was president when it was purchased?
Johnson
Who was selling Alaska and why?
Russia and because they were in the Crimean war with England
How much did the U.S. Pay for it?
$7.2 million all together. 2.5 cents per acre!
What were some of the names for this?
Seward’s ice box/folly
What mountain was a huge asset to Alaska?
Copper mountain
Made of copper
Used for electricity, wires, pipes, ect
The mountain is gone now because they took so much copper from it
What was the 15th amendment and what did it say?
African Americans should not be hindered from voting in any way whatsoever. No test or tax
When did grant become president, what party was he, and what was his slogan?
- Republican
Let us have peace
What were the force acts?
They gave the president authority to use any military force necessary to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments.
And it gave authority to put down anything immoral or unethical with force.
What were some problems with grant?
He had never had any form of office.
He was naive
His administration was destructive and corrupt and scandalous because he accepted bribes.
What was Tammany hall?
The nyc city hall with many scandals
What is a political boss?
They were political leaders who gave bribes, cheated, and got advantages
Who was a political boss in nyc?
William tweed
What was the debt and what did he raise it to?
36 million —> 168 million
Why was grant’s reelection surprising?
There was so much scandal
When was the transcontinental railroad completed?
During grant’s first term
Where did the two sides meet?
Promontory Summit, Utah
What two cities were the tracks from?
Oakland to Omaha
Why did Lincoln like the railroad and who suggested if?
Douglas
If the track went west, so would people, that would make new states, there would be no slavery allowed in those states and there would be good representatives in congress
The California side
Mainly built by the Chinese
Why did Americans not like the Chinese?
They worked hard
They were thought to be immoral and trustworthy.
The job was very dangerous so people wanted to hire the Chinese because they did not care if they were injured.
What explosives did they use?
Nitroglicyn
How many Chinese died in nitro explosives?
15,000
What was the principal line that carried people from the east to the west?
The overland route
What were the locust plagues called?
The Rocky Mountain locusts
How big were the swarms?
1/2 mile high, 10 miles wide, and 100 miles long
When was the anniversary and how was it celebrated?
July 4th, 1876 and with a huge fair in phili that lasted 6 months.
What was the name of the Statue of Liberty and where did the U.S. Get it?
Liberty enlightening the world. From France.
Why did the French give the statue to the U.S.?
They did because they followed their lead and began a rebellion from their tyrants
Who designed the statue and who was the skeleton desogner?
August Bartholdi
Gustave Eiffel
Where were the parts sent and who put it together? What was this man’s job before?
Bledsoe island and Joseph Pulitzer. He waS a editor
How big was the base and what size of shoe did it have?
150 feet tall
872
Want were the functions of the sol?
Welcome people to America
Be a lighthouse
How many people visited the fair and how many displays were there?
10 mil
30,000
What did they do with the exhibits after the fair?
They ended up being the smithsonite
How many Indian nations were at the fair?
53
Who was a lieutenant in the army from Kansas?
George Armstrong Custer
What was he asked to do?
Lead Calvery to the Dakotas to take care of an Indian problem.
What tribes were having issues, and who were their leaders?
Sioux and Cheyenne
Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
What were the conditions for the Indians to move to reservations?
If the U.S. Promised to stay out of their holiest lands- the black hills of South Dakota
What happened to the hills?
Gold was found and they moved off of the reservation because the U.S. Broke their treaty
What battle did Custer lead to fight the Indians?
Little big horn
What happened to the U.S.?
Their army was completely wiped out at custer’s last stand.
What did the Indians do with their bodies?
They stripped and scalped all of them
Who ran in the 1876 election?
Grant considered a third term, but did not.
Rutherford B. Hayes was a republican and won
Describe Hayes
Similar to grant
Formal Union general
Close election
One by one electoral college vote.
What is waving the bloody shirt?
Said that the democrats were in the south and that everything was finer fault.
What was the compromise of 1877?
Dems said Hayes could be the president if he removed all troops from the south and declared reconstruction over
What was one of the most romantic elements of the Wes?
The cattle drive
Describe the cattle drives
Cattle men raised their beeches on ranches
They drive their herds to railroad terminals in the north
Got them to cities in Kansas to the railroad
What were the Cowboys like?
1/3 were black
A lot of Mexicans
How many men were in a cattle team?
11
What did they drive? And describe the animal
Longhorn. They were not the best beef but they were stubborn and tough so they could make the journey
Who owned the land they drive on?
The federal government
What was the main city they went to?
Abeline
What were the two main cities that they slaughtered cows at?
KC and Chicago
How many beeves were in the average drive?
2000
How much $ was one beeve?
$100
What ended the range?
Overgrazing the land
It became less urgent
The homesteaders came to farm
Who were the range wars between?
Cowboys and farmers
What was another name for the farmers?
Sodbusters
What happened in the range wars?
The Cowboys came together because the farmers had begun to put fences around their crops so cattle could not walk through it
The farmers even got guards
Cattlemen began to burn down houses
Farmers won
Who invented barbed wire? And how did it affect the range wars?
Joseph Glidden farmers used it to keep the Cowboys out.
What were the 5 civilized tribes’ conditions to let the U.S. Buy their land?
If they gave them the money from the people on Oklahoma who bought land
How many land rushes were there?
7
Describe the rushes
At noon everyone lined up their wagons on the border of Oklahoma and they rushed to mark off their acres at the gunshot.
Then you marked off your land and went to a building to register it
What were the two groups of people?
Boomers- they went at the right time
Sooners- they hid in the land early so they could get the best lands.
How many people were in the first run and how many acres were sold?
50,000 people and 3 million acres
What was the capital of Oklahoma at that time?
Guthrie
How many bison were there in the 19th century?
30 million
Where did the bison live?
From North Carolina to the Rocky Mountains in co
Describe the buffalo
They were not tame able
Hard to confine
40 MPH and 6 foot jump
How did they get rid of the hard animal?
The government began to encourage the slaughter of them
Why were bison good to get rid of?
They clogged up the railroad tracks
People liked to eat them and make profit
Good furs for the people of the east coast mainly
Their tongues were a delicacy on the east coast
They were the primary reason that there were any Indians on the Great Plains anymore
Bison bone was used to make paint
How many bison were there in 1889?
85!
How did they get rid of/put some of the bison to use?
Put them in shows with Indian Chiefs and Cowboys
Who was a famous showman?
Buffalo bill
How were the buffalo protected?
Not really, but by the society for prevention of cruelty to animals.
What was a famous saying about the land rushes?
Rome may not have been built in a day, but Guthrie Oklahoma was.
What were the names of jwb’s brothers?
Junius Brutus booth jr, and Edwin booth
What theater was Lincoln shot at?
Ford’s theater
What play was Lincoln seeing and who was the star of it?
Our American Cousin
Miss Laura Keene
What newspaper did a story on the assassination?
Harper’s Weekly
What did Edwin Stanton say of lincoln’s death?
There lies the most perfect ruler of men the world has ever seen. Now he belongs to the ages
What did David herold do?
Helped with booth’s getaway
Where was Andersonville?
Georgia
What did a young war widow from the south say and who was she?
Sarah Morgan said they would sooner go to live in a desert than to return to the union
What party was Andrew Johnson from?
National Union party
Who was the first president to be impeached?
Johnson
How much did Alaska grow the country by?
20%
Who was the second republican president?
Grant
What ceremony symbolized the joining of the two railroads at promontory summit, Utah?
The golden spike ceremony
They put a golden spike in the ground at the point they met
What was the formal name of the fair?
The centennial exposition of Philadelphia
What was the lone survivor of the little big horn and whose was it?
A horse named Comanche and he belonged to captain Myles Keough
Where can you see the survivor today?
The KU history museum
Where was the 19th president from?
Hayes was from Ohio
