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World History > Second Semester Finals > Flashcards

Second Semester Finals Flashcards

1
Q

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A

Winston Churchill

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2
Q

Hitler’s program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

A

“Final Solution”

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3
Q

June 6,1944– the day on which the Allies began their invasion of the European mainland during World War II

A

D Day

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4
Q

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Douglas MacArthur

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5
Q

a series of court proceddings help in Nuremberg, Germany, after world War Ii, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity

A

Nuremburg Trials

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6
Q

a series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941

A

Battle of Great Britain

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7
Q

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A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

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8
Q

the systematic killing of an entire people

A

Genocide

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9
Q

during World War II, Japanese suicide pilots trained to sink allied ships by crashing bomb-filled planes into them

A

Kamikaze

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10
Q

“lightning war”–a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces

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Blitzkrieg

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11
Q

a declaration of principles issued in august 1941 by British prime minister Winston Churchill and U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt, on which the allied peace plan at the end of world War II was based

A

Atlantic Charter

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12
Q

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A

Erwin Rommel

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13
Q

a mass slaughter of Jews and other civilians, carried out by the Nazi government of Germany before and during World War II

A

Holocaust

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14
Q

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A

Bernard Montgomery

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15
Q

a 1942 sea and air battle of World War II, in which American forces defeated Japanese forces in the central Pacific

A

Battle of Midway

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16
Q

a U.S. policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents, announced by President Harry Truman in 1947

A

Truman Doctrine

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17
Q

the sate of diplomatic hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union in the decades following World War II

A

Cold War

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18
Q

during the Cold War, the boundary separating the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic nation of Western Europe

A

Iron Curtain

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19
Q

`a U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II

A

Marshall Plan

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20
Q

a military alliance formed in 1955 by the soviet Union and seven eastern European countries

A

Warsaw Pact

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21
Q

the shooting down of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960

A

U-2 Incident

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22
Q

an international peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 to provide security to the nations of the world

A

United Nations

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23
Q

a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European nations, the United States, and Canada

A

North atlantic treaty orgainization

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24
Q

a policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression

A

brinkmanship

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25
a U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist soviet advances
containment
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in Communist China, a collective farm on which a great number of people work and live together
commune
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militia units formed by young Chinese people in 1966 in response to Mao Zedong's call for a social and cultural revolution
red guards
28
an organization dedicated to the establishment of an independent state for Palestinians in the Middle east
Palestinian liberation organization
29
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ho chi minh
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during the cold War, the developing nations not allied with either the United States or the Soviet Union
third world
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golda meir
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a program to protect the united states against attack by enemy missiles, proposed in 1983by president Ronald Reagan but never implemented---formally known as the Strategic Defense Initiative
star wars
33
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nikita khrushchev
34
a group of Communist rebels who seized power in Cambodia in 1975
Khmer rouge
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President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with south Vietnamese forces
vietnamization
36
a
fidel castro
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a policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United states during the presidency of Richard Nixon
detente
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a series of meetings in the 1970s, in which leaders of the United states and the soviet union agreed to limit their nation's stocks of nuclear weapons
SALT
39
the first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai peninsula to Europe
Camp David Accords
40
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Mao Zedong
41
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Mikhail gorbachev
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a restructuring of the Soviet economy to permit more local decision-making, begun by Mikhail gorbachev in 1985
perestroika
43
a
boris yeltsin
44
the necessities, comforts, and luxuries enjoyed or aspired to by an individual or group
standard of living
45
a 1991 conflict in which UN forced defeated Iraqi forces that had invaded Kuwait and threatened to invade Saudi Arabia
gulf war
46
the creation of plants or animals that are genetically identical to an existing plant or animal
cloning
47
the use of force or threats to frighten people or governments to change their poilices
terrorism
48
all the financial interactions--involving people, businesses, and governments-- that cross international boundaries
global economy
49
economic development that meets people's needs but preserves the environment and conserves resources for future generations
sustainable development
50
commerce between nations without economic restrictions or barriers
free trade
51
a 1968 agreement intended to reduce the spread of nuclear weapons
nuclear non-proliferation treaty
52
the transferring of genes from one living thing to another in order to produce an organism with new traits
genetic engineering
53
the cultural elements---sports, music, movies, clothing, and so forth--that reflect a group's common background and changing interests
popular culture
54
chemicals used in air conditioners and other products
cfc's
55
public communications, including television, radio, movies, the music industry, and the popular press
mass media
56
problems caused by emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases, also called global warming
greenhouse effect
57
the scientific research performed on biological substances like enzymes or cells in order to find new uses for such substances
biotechnology
58
all the standard weapons of war, such as tanks, planes, artillery, and rifles
conventional weapons
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living organisms such as anthrax used to kill or injure large numbers of people at once
bioweapons
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weapons that have the potential to kill or injure large numbers of people at once including nuclear armaments, and biological and chemical weapons
weapons of mass destruction
61
the number of children born per woman
birth rate
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the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or a population crash
overpopulation
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a growth or spread-- especially the spread of nuclear weapons to nations that do not currently have them
proliferation
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a 20-th century attempt to increase food resources worldwide, involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides and the development of disease- resistant crops
green revolution
65
a policy of murder and other acts of brutality by which Serbs hoped to eliminate Bosnia's Muslim population after the breakup of Yugoslavia
ethnic cleansing
66
the ruling committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union
politburo
67
a bringing together again of things that have been separated, like the reuniting of east Germany and West Germany in 1990
reunification
68
a soviet policy of openness to the free flow of ideas and information, introduced in 1985 by Mikhail gorbachev
glasnost
69
In the late 1800s, Russia and japan were imperialist powers. They both competed for control over the territories , but Russia broke them. In retaliation, japan attacked the Russians at port Arthur, Manchuria, in February 1904 Japanese defeated them.
a
70
totalitarianism is a government that takes total centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life
``` key traits: dictatorship and one-party rule dynamic leader ideology state control over all sectors of society state control over the individual dependence on modern technology organized violence ```
71
Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, and Japan
a

World History (10 decks)

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