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Biological psychology > Second part of the Bio Lecture :) > Flashcards

Second part of the Bio Lecture :) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between intros and exons?

A
  • introns: non-coding sequences (other functions)
  • exons: coding segments of a gene, is trasnlated into a protein
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2
Q

What are trasncription factors?

A
  • stimulate the process, can switch genes on and off
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3
Q

What is the RNA polymerase?

A
  • an enzyme that transcribes a seqeunce of DNA into mRNA
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4
Q

Functions of proteins: proteins can be

A
  • enzymes
  • receptors
  • ion channels
  • trasnsport of substances
  • muscle and organ tissue
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5
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

long chains of amino acids

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6
Q

Structure/folding of protein

A
  1. Protein structure - sequence of amino acids
  2. Protein structure - Localized folding/conformation
  3. Protein structure - complete folding pattern
  4. Protein structure - interaction of subunits forming a larger protein
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7
Q

What is a globular protein?

A

highly folded and compact structure

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8
Q

What is a fibrous protein?

A

long and stringy structure

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9
Q

Nucleic acids (def.)

A

chains of neucleotides

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10
Q

Nucleoside (def.)

A
  1. Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
  2. Base
    - two components
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11
Q

Nucleotide (def.)

A
  1. Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
  2. Base
  3. Phosphate
    - three components
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12
Q

What are monosaccarides?

A

simple sugar

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13
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

nucleotide provides energy to the cellular process

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14
Q

cyclic adenosine monophate (cAMP)

A

nucleotide that serves as a second messenger

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15
Q

What is a histone?

A

the DNA wrapped around proteins

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16
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A
  • consists of a DNA segment
  • wrapped about 2 times around 8 histone proteins
  • similar to a threat wrapped around a coil
17
Q

What is a chromonome?

A
  • long chain of nucletoides
  • folded and coiled togteher with proteins including histones
18
Q

Chromatin (def.)

A

all genetic material inside the nucleus.

19
Q

A nucleotide consists of which three parts?

A
  1. A base
  2. A sugar
  3. One (or more) phisphate groups
20
Q

Which are purin bases?

A

Adenin and Guanin

21
Q

Which are pyrimidin bases?

A

Thymin and Cytosin

22
Q

What is the difference of RNA to DNA?

A
  • ribose makes the sugar components of the nucleotides of RNA (not deoxyribose like in the DNA)
  • contains the base uracil
  • is made of 1 strand instead of a double strand (DNA)
23
Q

What is a single nucleotide polymorphism?

A
  • variation of a single nucleotide
24
Q

What can a single nucleotide polymorphism do?

A
  • alters a codon/triplet
25
Q

What is a triples/codon?

A
  • the smallest functional unit of DNA and RNA
  • refers to a region of three consecutive nucleotides of DNA or RNA
26
Q

What do genes do?

A
  • they carry out their function for the organism by determining whivh types of proteins a cell produces
  • at the same time providing the blueprint for their construction
27
Q

What is a protein?

A
  • an extraordinarily large complex molecule
  • is composed of several hundred smaller molecular building blocks, the amino acids.
28
Q

The oxytocin receptor is a polypeptide consisting of HOW MANY amindo acids?

A

389 amino acids.

29
Q

Lower heart rate variability is found in patients suffering from …

A
  • depression
  • anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • post traumatic stress disorder
  • cardiac-vascular disease
  • diabetes
30
Q

Heart rate variability is lower when …

A
  • poeple that smoke, drink alcohol on a very regular basis
  • obese people
  • if the tempertaure is high or if it is freezing
31
Q

Increase in herat rate variability when …

A
  • poeple engage in moderately intense sports
  • people in your younger age
  • during the night
32
Q

Oxytocin polymorphism, which have shown that the A allele of rs53576 is associated with …

A
  • deficits in socioemotional domains
  • reduced empathic accuracy
  • lower positive affect
  • heightenes physiological stress reactivity
  • reduced social support seeking during times of distress when it is culturally normative
  • reduced efficacy of social support
33
Q

What is the nucleus paraventricularis?

A
  • nucleus of the hypothalamus
  • whose neurons produce various hormones
  • including oxytocin
34
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A
  • controls many motivational aspects
  • controls vegetative aspects such as hunger, thirst and sexual behavior
35
Q

The pituitary gland consists of which two parts?

A
  1. anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
  2. posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)
36
Q

Oxytocin and vasopressin are the most important hormones of the …

A
  • neurophypophysis (posterior hypothalamus)
37
Q
A

Biological psychology (11 decks)

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