Second Part: Finals questions V Flashcards
What are Respiratory Disorders?
Any issue that impedes air movement and oxygen exchange
What is Dyspnea?
feeling of discomfort in breathing in or out– SOB, chest tightness, effort, SOBOE
What are the causes of dyspnea?
Obstructive, restrictive or central issues, fatigue or exercise, stress or emotion
What are the 3 classifications of Respiratory Disorders?
Restrictive
Obstructive
Central
What 3 ways that can cause narrowing or blockage of the pathways? (Obstruction)
Foreign body
Inflammation
Spasms of the smooth airway muscle
Obstructive Respiratory Disorders commonly affects:
Exhalation
(Asthma, Bronchitis,Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Restrictive Lung Diseases often affect:
Inspiration
(Fibrosis, Connective Tissue Diseases, Neuromuscular Diseases, Diseases of the Pleura)
Central Respiratory Disorders are caused by:
neurological dysfunction in respiratory brain centers in the brain stem
(Ex: CVA, Medications that depress nervous system function, ALS, Brain tumor, Muscular Dystrophy)
How can Parkinson’s affect respiration?
weakness, low dB may be partly from reduced respiratory support (muscular rigidity—restrictive resp prob).
How can Cervical Spinal Cord injury affect respiration?
May have weakness or paralysis of respiratory muscles
How can Spatic Cerebral Palsy affect respiration?
Too much tone, but also weakness
How can Athenoid Cerebral Palsy affect respiration?
Involuntary movements; uncontrolled, irregular movements (bursts of in/exhalation)
How can Ataxic Cerebral Palsy affect respiration?
incoordination; irregular rate, rhythm and depth of tidal breathing
What is an intervention for Cerebral Palsy to breath better?
Strengthen respiratory muscles
What growths on the Vocal folds can cause Voice Disorders?
VF nodules
What are Hyperfunctional voice disorders?
shallow resp, poor coordination of expiration and phonation, clavicular breathing
What is Stuttering?
Disorder characterized by disfluencies. Difficulty coordinating respiration with the production of sound during fluent AND stuttered speech
What are interventions strategies for Voice Disorders?
Start phonation at higher lung volumes.
Stop phonating before they get too empty.
What is the difference between Vocal Cord Dysfunction and Asthma?
VCD have trouble taking in a full breath
Asthma attacks feel like they can’t expel their breath
What are different issues that can affect respiration? (5)
neurological disorders,
asthma,
stuttering,
dysphonia,
mechanical ventilation
What is FVC?
Forced vital capacity: How much air can you get out after a full breath in?
What is FEV1?
Forced expiratory volume: How much air can you dump in 1 second? (usually worse in airway disorders, reflects large and medium airways)
In a spirometer graph, normal Flow volume loops look like a __________________?
Canine Tooth
What Neurological Disorders can affect breathing?
Parkinson’s,
ALS,
MD,
Spinal Cord Injury,
CP
In the MYOELASTIC-AERODYNAMIC THEORY complete which of these forces are adductors or abductors?
- elasticity of vocal folds (myoelastic: ___________________)
- Bernoulli principle (aerodynamic: ___________________)
- subglottal pressure (aerodynamic: __________________)
1 elasticity of vocal folds (myoelastic: adducting)
2 Bernoulli principle (aerodynamic: adducting)
3 subglottal pressure (aerodynamic: abducting)
Is the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) is the larynx an adductor or abductor?
abductor
Is the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) is the larynx an adductor or abductor?
Adductor
What are stops consonants?
Blockage of air, then a burst
What are fricative consonants?
Turbulence from severe narrowing/constriction of air flow
What are Affricative consonants?
Combine properties of stops and fricatives (a stop released to frication) (as
in the start and end of the words Church (voiceless palatal affricate) and Judge
(voiced palatal affricate).
What are the three characteristics to describe Consonants?
- Voicing (voiced or unvoiced)
- Placement (alveolar, interdental, labiodental, palatal, velar, pharyngeal, glottal)
- Manner (stop, fricative, affricate
What is Dysarthria?
speech musculature is weak,
paralyzed or uncontrolled
What is VOT?
VOT reflects the time elapsed after the stop burst when voice begins.
What is the name of the condition where the uvula is split into two?
Submucous Cleft Palate
