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CMSD5050 Fundamentals of Speech Science > Second Part: Finals questions > Flashcards

Second Part: Finals questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary purpose of respiration?

A

ventilation

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2
Q

What is the physical aspect of respiration?

A

Gas exchange

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3
Q

What is the chemical aspect of respiration?

A

food + O2 = H2O + CO2 + heat

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4
Q

What are the two mechanical aspects of respiration? (2)

A

inhalation and exhalation

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5
Q

What are the phases of speech production? (3)

A

Respiration (power supply)
Phonation (vibration from vocal folds)
Resonance (Filters)

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6
Q

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

A

Molecules are constantly moving in random collision.

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7
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

If gas is kept at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
More volume = less pressure, less volume = more pressure

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8
Q

Air flows from ______ pressure to ________ pressure.

A

Air flows from higher pressure to lower pressure

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9
Q

Describe what occurs during inhalation.

A

The thoracic cavity increases in volume which leads to negative pressure.

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10
Q

Describe what occurs during exhalation.

A

The thoracic cavity decreases in volume which leads to positive pressure.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the vocal tract related to air? (3)

A

To filter, moistens and warm the air

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12
Q

What are the six components of the vocal tract?

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Oral cavity
  3. Pharynx (throat)
  4. Larynx (voicebox)
  5. Trachea (windpipe)
  6. Bronchi
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13
Q

What does the larynx do?

A

protects lower respiratory passages

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14
Q

Alveoli facilitate the rapid exchange of __________________.

A

Alveoli facilitates the rapid exchange of O2 and CO2.

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15
Q

What are the properties of alveoli? (2)

A
  • Lung elasticity is collapsing force (some due to tissue resistance, most (2/3) due to surface tension)
  • balanced by surfactant
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16
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome caused by?

A

a lack of surfactant in the lungs

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17
Q

What are the components of a lung? (3

A

Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and blood vessels

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18
Q

What are the three dimensions that the thoracic cavity increases in? (3)

A
  1. Vertical (contraction of diaphragm)
  2. Transverse (raising of curved ribs)
  3. Anteroposterior (forward and upward movement of sternum)
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19
Q

Muscles that lower ribs are:

A

Expiratory

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20
Q

Muscles that raise ribs are:

A

Inspiratory

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21
Q

What occurs during “bucket handle” rotation of the ribs?

A

Transverse increase

22
Q

What occurs during the “pump handle” rotation of the ribs?

A

Anteroposterior increase

23
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

a basin-shaped structure that attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton

24
Q

What is the pectoral girdle? (2)

A
  • clavicle and scapula
  • provides attachment for the upper limbs of the torso
25
Q

What is the plurae?

A

The thin slippery serous membranes that form an envelope between the lung and the chest wall

26
Q

What is the parietal/costal pleura?

A

The membrane lining the thoracic cavity

27
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

Membrane surrounding the lungs

28
Q

What is intrapleural fluid?

A

Thin layer of polar fluid between layers of pleura

29
Q

True/False: Intrapleural pressure is always more than atmospheric pressure.

A

False. Intraplueral pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure.

30
Q

What is another word for intrapleural pressure?

A

Transpulmonary pressure

31
Q

What is another word for intrapleural pressure?

A

Transpulmonary pressure

32
Q

What is pleural linkage?

A
  • Mechanism by which lungs “linked” to thoracic wall
33
Q

What does pleural linkage allow?

A

Allows movements of rib cage to be transmitted to lungs so that lungs can increase and decrease volume

34
Q

What is pleurisy (pleuritis)?

A

inflammation of the pleura

35
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Accumulation of gas within pleural cavity resulting in a collapsed lung

36
Q

Intrapleural pressure is always __________________. (positive or negative)

A

Negative

37
Q

What do we use as our reference pressure? (0)

A

Air pressure

38
Q

What is alveolar pressure?

A

Pressure within the lungs

39
Q

What is subglottal pressure?

A

Pressure below the larynx

40
Q

True/False: Subglottal pressure is always the same as alveolar pressure.

A

True

41
Q

Describe the stages of breathing in and out. (9)

A
  1. muscles contract
  2. thoracic cavity increases volume
  3. lungs expand—pleural linkage
  4. negative pressure—Boyle’s Law
  5. air flows into lungs
  6. muscles cease contracting.
  7. thoracic cavity shrinks—elastic recoil
  8. positive pressure—Boyle’s Law
  9. air exhaled
42
Q

When is alveolar pressure at 0?

A

At the beginning and end of inspiration and expiration

43
Q

What occurs to alveolar pressure during inspiration?

A

It drops

44
Q

The drop in alveolar pressure results in what?

A

Inward flow of air

45
Q

What occurs to alveolar pressure during exhalation?

A

It increases

46
Q

The increase of alveolar pressure results in what?

A

Outward flow of air

47
Q

When are expiratory factors passive?

A

In quiet breathing

48
Q

What is forced expiration? (2)

A
  • Exhalation beyond passive expiration
  • Facilitated by contraction of abdominal muscles
49
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A musculotendinous septum that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

50
Q

What may be the only muscle involved in quiet breathing?

A

The diaphragm

51
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Lowers the surface tension/interfacial tension between blood and air in alveoli

51
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Lowers the surface tension/interfacial tension between blood and air in alveoli

CMSD5050 Fundamentals of Speech Science (11 decks)

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