Second exam answers Flashcards
Which of the following would encourage sleepiness?
a. serotonin
b. GABA
c. Histamine
d. Adenosine
e. Orexin
b. GABA
d. Adenosine
Which of the following are increased by an increase in orexin?
a. Serotonin
b. Norepinephrine
c. Histamine
d. Acetylcholine
a. Serotonin
b. Norepinephrine
c. Histamine
d. Acetylcholine
Which of the following would be likely to reduce REM sleep?
a. serotonin agonist
b. cholinergic agonist
c. noradrenergic agonist
a. serotonin agonist
c. noradrenergic agonist
Appetite would be likely to be reduced by:
a. a D2 receptor antagonist
b. a 5HT2c receptor agonist
c. a GLP-1 agonist
d. a combination of naltrexone and bupropion
b. a 5HT2c receptor agonist
c. a GLP-1 agonist
d. a combination of naltrexone and bupropion
_____ is a hormone that promotes the conversion of glycogen to blood glucose
Glucagon
A dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) would be likely to
a. decrease symptoms of narcolepsy
b. decrease insomnia
c. decrease likelihood of drug-seeking behaviors
d. increase appetite
b. decrease insomnia
c. decrease likelihood of drug-seeking behaviors
A decrease in _______ explains the increase in sleepiness that may follow a big meal
orexin
Smoking suppressed appetite because nicotine inhibits __________ (what neurochemical)
MCH
Alcohol
a. Is a GABA agonist
b. is a glutamate antagonist
c. releases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
d. releases endogenous opioids
a. Is a GABA agonist
b. is a glutamate antagonist
c. releases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
d. releases endogenous opioids
Ghrelin is likely to be increased
a. after a meal
b. after a diet
c. after sleep deprivation
d. after gastric bypass
b. after a diet
c. after sleep deprivation
Bupropion can help with withdrawal from nicotine because
a. It is a partial nicotinic agonist
b. It is a nicotinic antagonist
c. It is a dopamine agonist
c. It is a dopamine agonist
Stroke damage to the insula has been shown to
a. reduce insomnia
b. reduce appetite for carbohydrates
c. facilitate cessation of smoking
c. facilitate cessation of smoking
What neurotransmitter accumulates during wakefulness, such that as # of hours awake increases it creates increasing pressure to sleep
adenosine
What hormone has a circadian rhythm such that it rises in the evening, and encourages sleep?
melatonin
Which of the following would be likely to increase the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic path?
a. marijuana
b. cocaine
c. nicotine
d. food
e. heroin
a. marijuana
b. cocaine
c. nicotine
d. food
e. heroin
In someone addicted to heroin,
a. mu receptors have been upregulated
b. withdrawal could be made more comfortable by buprenorphine
c. naltrexone could help to prevent relapse
b. withdrawal could be made more comfortable by buprenorphine
c. naltrexone could help to prevent relapse
Endocannabinoids
a. are increased during fasting
b. increase orexin
c. increase AGRP
a. are increased during fasting
b. increase orexin
CART
a. is increased by amphetamine and other stimulants
b. is increased by leptin
c. inhibits MCH and orexin
a. is increased by amphetamine and other stimulants
b. is increased by leptin
c. inhibits MCH and orexin
Melatonin is released by the ________ gland
pineal
The biological clock is in the ___________ of the hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Glucose detectors in the brain are in the _______
medulla
If a drug downregulates GABA receptors, what would ve a symptom of withdrawal from the drug?
insomnia
Stimulating Y2 autoreceptors in the arcuate nucleus _______ appetite.
decreases
A serotonin deficiency in the brain would be likely to ________ appetite for carbohydrates
This is because they facilitate the entry of _________ into the brain
increase
tryptophan
For someone who has trouble remaining awake which of the following would be helpful?
a. GABA agonist
b. H3 antagonist
c. a DORA
d. a cannabinoids antagonist
b. H3 antagonist
According to studies by Nader and Czoty and others,
a. Social rank is determined by number of dopamine receptors.
b. Number of dopamine receptors is influenced by social stress, with monkeys higher in status ending up with more dopamine receptors.
c. Monkeys with fewer dopamine receptors are more vulnerable to cocaine use.
b. Number of dopamine receptors is influenced by social stress, with monkeys higher in status ending up with more dopamine receptors.
c. Monkeys with fewer dopamine receptors are more vulnerable to cocaine use.
