Final Exam Review Packet 1 Flashcards
Serotonin is a monoamine or catecholamine
a monoamine
Dry mouth might be a side effect of
a noradrenergic agonist (e.g., a tricyclic antidepressant)
Which of the following might be likely to increase appetite?
a. a 5HT2C agonist
b. methylphenidate
c. a D2 antagonist (e.g., an antipsychotic drug)
c. a D2 antagonist (e.g., an antipsychotic drug)
What effect do carbohydrates have on serotonin in the brain?
Increase 5HT because facilitate transport of tryptophan into brain.
Explain why MAO inhibitors are anti-depressants
They reduce breakdown of monoamines.
Explain why monoamine reuptake inhibitors are anti-depressants.
They prolong action of monoamines.
If serotonin synthesis is blocked, which of the following might be increased?
Depression
Aggressive behavior
What is 5-HIAA?
Metabolite of 5HT
In a study that followed 49 preadolescent males for four years, why were monkeys with the lowest levels of 5-HIAA much more likely to die?
Aggressive behavior led to injuries
What is the name of the dopamine path that disintegrates in Parkinson’s disease?
nigrostriatal
Sexual motivation (libido) would be most likely to be suppressed by:
Serotonin
In addition to behavior therapy, what type of pharmacotherapy would be most likely to help someone with OCD?
Serotonin agonist
What type of electrical stimulation would be likely to increase dopamine release, and where?
Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra
Would increase release of DA in basal ganglia
How might dopamine deficiency relate to vulnerability to addiction?
(specify a part of the brain, and explain)
Deficiency in nucleus accumbens
How might a dopamine deficiency relate to ADHD?
(specify a part of the brain)
Deficiency in prefrontal cortex – maybe also nucleus accumbens
Which of the following, if any, increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex?
a. methylphenidate
b. atomoxetine
methylphenidate
atomoxetine
Explain how atomoxetine, which is a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, can increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex.
In prefrontal cortex, the noradrenergic transporter also transports dopamine.
Which of the following increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?
a. methylphenidate
b. atomoxetine
a. methylphenidate
Which of the following contribute to falling asleep?
increase in glutamate
increase in norepinephrine
increase in gaba
increase in histamine
increase in GABA
A benzodiazepine, which is a _______ (name neurotransmitter) agonist, is likely to decrease:
GABA (neurotransmitter)
anxiety and latency to fall asleep
Which of the following become almost immediately effective? benzodiazepines SSRI SNRI methylphenidate and other stimulants atomoxetine Ketamine
Benzodiazepine
methylphenidate and other stims
Ketamine
Blocking an alpha2 receptor can increase release of:
Explain.
norepinephrine and serotonin
Alpha2 receptors are heteroreceptors on serotonin terminals.
The subgenual ACC and amygdala are likely to show ____ activity following successful treatment for depression, while the ____ shows increased activity.
decreased, prefrontal cortex
The cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit shows ____________ activation after successful treatment for OCD.
decreased
Although psilocybin may have some effects on glutamate, its main effects are as an agonist for ____ receptors
5HT2A
For treatment-resistant depression (not responsive to SSRIs or SNRIs), what non-drug alternatives might one try?
ECT, TMS, deep brain stimulation
- Alcohol is a ____ agonist and _____antagonist
gaba, glutamate
D-cycloserine is an indirect agonist for
glutamate
Why has d-cycloserine sometimes been combined with behavior therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders?
Might increase speed of learning (e.g., extinction of fear)
Dry mouth might be a side effect of:
a muscarinic antagonist
What effect is an H3 antagonist likely to have on wakefulness?
Increase it
Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is likely to be increased by:
Heroin Stimulants Nicotine Cannabis (pretty much all drugs of abuse that are addictive)
For what sort of research hypothesis would tryptophan hydroxylase knockout mice be useful?
To investigate role of serotonin by seeing effects of reducing it
What type of cholinergic receptor is at neuromuscular junctions?
Nicotinic
Dopamine ______________ are likely to increase appetite.
antagonists
If one feels sleepy after a meal, it may be because of a decrease in
orexin
