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Biopsych > Final Exam Review Packet 1 > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Packet 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Serotonin is a monoamine or catecholamine

A

a monoamine

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2
Q

Dry mouth might be a side effect of

A

a noradrenergic agonist (e.g., a tricyclic antidepressant)

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3
Q

Which of the following might be likely to increase appetite?

a. a 5HT2C agonist
b. methylphenidate
c. a D2 antagonist (e.g., an antipsychotic drug)

A

c. a D2 antagonist (e.g., an antipsychotic drug)

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4
Q

What effect do carbohydrates have on serotonin in the brain?

A

Increase 5HT because facilitate transport of tryptophan into brain.

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5
Q

Explain why MAO inhibitors are anti-depressants

A

They reduce breakdown of monoamines.

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6
Q

Explain why monoamine reuptake inhibitors are anti-depressants.

A

They prolong action of monoamines.

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7
Q

If serotonin synthesis is blocked, which of the following might be increased?

A

Depression

Aggressive behavior

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8
Q

What is 5-HIAA?

A

Metabolite of 5HT

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9
Q

In a study that followed 49 preadolescent males for four years, why were monkeys with the lowest levels of 5-HIAA much more likely to die?

A

Aggressive behavior led to injuries

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10
Q

What is the name of the dopamine path that disintegrates in Parkinson’s disease?

A

nigrostriatal

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11
Q

Sexual motivation (libido) would be most likely to be suppressed by:

A

Serotonin

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12
Q

In addition to behavior therapy, what type of pharmacotherapy would be most likely to help someone with OCD?

A

Serotonin agonist

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13
Q

What type of electrical stimulation would be likely to increase dopamine release, and where?

A

Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra

Would increase release of DA in basal ganglia

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14
Q

How might dopamine deficiency relate to vulnerability to addiction?
(specify a part of the brain, and explain)

A

Deficiency in nucleus accumbens

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15
Q

How might a dopamine deficiency relate to ADHD?

(specify a part of the brain)

A

Deficiency in prefrontal cortex – maybe also nucleus accumbens

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16
Q

Which of the following, if any, increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex?

a. methylphenidate
b. atomoxetine

A

methylphenidate

atomoxetine

17
Q

Explain how atomoxetine, which is a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, can increase dopamine in the prefrontal cortex.

A

In prefrontal cortex, the noradrenergic transporter also transports dopamine.

18
Q

Which of the following increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens?

a. methylphenidate
b. atomoxetine

A

a. methylphenidate

19
Q

Which of the following contribute to falling asleep?

increase in glutamate
increase in norepinephrine
increase in gaba
increase in histamine

A

increase in GABA

20
Q

A benzodiazepine, which is a _______ (name neurotransmitter) agonist, is likely to decrease:

A

GABA (neurotransmitter)

anxiety and latency to fall asleep

21
Q 
Which of the following become almost immediately effective?
benzodiazepines
SSRI
SNRI
methylphenidate and other stimulants
atomoxetine
Ketamine
A

Benzodiazepine
methylphenidate and other stims
Ketamine

22
Q

Blocking an alpha2 receptor can increase release of:

Explain.

A

norepinephrine and serotonin

Alpha2 receptors are heteroreceptors on serotonin terminals.

23
Q

The subgenual ACC and amygdala are likely to show ____ activity following successful treatment for depression, while the ____ shows increased activity.

A

decreased, prefrontal cortex

24
Q

The cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit shows ____________ activation after successful treatment for OCD.

A

decreased

25
Q

Although psilocybin may have some effects on glutamate, its main effects are as an agonist for ____ receptors

A

5HT2A

26
Q

For treatment-resistant depression (not responsive to SSRIs or SNRIs), what non-drug alternatives might one try?

A

ECT, TMS, deep brain stimulation

27
Q
  1. Alcohol is a ____ agonist and _____antagonist
A

gaba, glutamate

28
Q

D-cycloserine is an indirect agonist for

A

glutamate

29
Q

Why has d-cycloserine sometimes been combined with behavior therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

A

Might increase speed of learning (e.g., extinction of fear)

30
Q

Dry mouth might be a side effect of:

A

a muscarinic antagonist

31
Q

What effect is an H3 antagonist likely to have on wakefulness?

A

Increase it

32
Q

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is likely to be increased by:

A 
Heroin
Stimulants
Nicotine
Cannabis 
(pretty much all drugs of abuse that are addictive)
33
Q

For what sort of research hypothesis would tryptophan hydroxylase knockout mice be useful?

A

To investigate role of serotonin by seeing effects of reducing it

34
Q

What type of cholinergic receptor is at neuromuscular junctions?

A

Nicotinic

35
Q

Dopamine ______________ are likely to increase appetite.

A

antagonists

36
Q

If one feels sleepy after a meal, it may be because of a decrease in

A

orexin

Biopsych (7 decks)

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