Review Packet for the second test

Question 1

Name the gland(s) from which each of the following hormones come
Insulin -
Glucagon -
Melatonin –

Answer 1

pancreas
pancreas
pineal gland

Question 2

A mouse without 5-HT2c receptors will become obese.

 A 5-HT2C  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ facilitates weight loss.

Answer 2

agonist

Question 3

Which of the following is (are) orexigenic?   
       Orexin
       Melanin-concentrating hormone
       Neuropeptide Y
       Agouti-related peptide
       Oxytocin

Answer 3

Orexin
Melanin-concentrating hormone
Neuropeptide Y
Agouti-related peptide

Question 4

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus secretes both orexigenic and anorexigenic signals. Name the anorexigenic ones.

Answer 4

CART and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 5

The arcuate nucleus also responds to anorexigenic hormones from the periphery. Name three.

Answer 5

Leptin, PYY, GLP-1

Question 6

If a drug is a dopamine agonist, it is likely to _______________ appetite, while a drug that is a dopamine antagonist will _______________ appetite.

Answer 6

decrease

increase

Question 7

Gastric bypass __ ghrelin and __ PYY and GLP-1

Answer 7

decreases

increases

Question 8

Of the following, which encourage(s) wakefulness?

histamine catecholamines GABA orexin acetylcholine

Answer 8

All except GABA

Question 9

Which of the neurotransmitters listed are low during SWS but high during REM?
histamine catecholamines GABA orexin acetylcholine

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

The cell bodies of neurons that secrete orexin are located in the

Answer 10

lateral hypothalamus.

Question 11

An orexin deficiency has been linked with the sleep disorder called

Answer 11

narcolepsy

Question 12

Stimulation of the neurons with cell bodies in the ___________ would lead to release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.

Answer 12

ventral tegmental area

Question 13

Both methadone and buprenorphine are agonists for endogenous opioid receptors, but buprenorphine is a partial agonist. What does this mean?

Answer 13

It has a weaker effect on the endogenous opioid receptors, and it is less likely to be abusable.

Question 14

Suboxone combines buprenorphine and naloxone.

What is the purpose of the naloxone?

Answer 14

Prevent abuse by blocking opioid effect if the drug were injected.

Question 15

REM sleep begins when these neurons stop firing

Answer 15

5HT, NE, histamine, orexin

Question 16

What does it mean to say that suvorexant is a DORA

Answer 16

It blocks both types of orexin receptor.

Question 17

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus relates to

Answer 17

biological clock

Question 18

lateral hypothalamus relates to

Answer 18

orexin cell bodies there – relates to sleep, appetite, and substance abuse

Question 19

arcuate nucleus relates to

Answer 19

orexigenic and anorexigenic neurochemicals

Question 20

insula works to

Answer 20

maintain addiction

Question 21

medulla is responsible for

Answer 21

glucose detection

Question 22

pineal gland produces this sleep hormone

Answer 22

melatonin

Question 23

The nucleus accumbens is in the ____________ striatum

Answer 23

ventral

Question 24

An orexin antagonist might

a. help insomnia
b. help narcolepsy
c. reduce cue-triggered drug-seeking
d. boost appetite

Answer 24

a. help insomnia

c. reduce cue-triggered drug-seeking

Question 25

How may ghrelin relate to each of the following?

     Circadian rhythm of appetite   ghrelin shows circadian rhythm – less at night even if several hours since eating.

     Nucleus accumbens    increases reward value of eating ghrelin
     Prader-Willi Syndrome   ghrelin high

     Gastric bypass surgery    ghrelin reduced by the surger

Answer 25

memorize front of card