Review Packet for the first test Flashcards
Which ions are more concentrated outside the membrane?
Na+ and Cl-
When a neurotransmitter produces EPSPs, does this cause depolarization or hyperpolarization?
depolarization
When a neurotransmitter produces IPSPs, does this cause depolarization or hyperpolarization?
hyperpolarization
- Synthesis of DA and NA begins with
tyrosine
What is the name of the noradrenergic autoreceptor?
alpha2
- Postsynaptic histamine receptors are named _________, while autoreceptors are _________
H1
H3
- Is a postsynaptic dopamine receptor blocker, like most antipsychotic drugs, an agonist or an antagonist for dopamine?
antagonist
- Is an H1 receptor blocker an agonist or an antagonist for histamine?
antagonist
- Is an alpha2 receptor blocker an agonist or an antagonist for NE?
agonist
Is a drug that blocks postsynaptic beta receptors an agonist or an antagonist for NE?
antagonist
What are the names of the cholinergic receptors at neuromuscular junctions?
nicotinic
The cholinergic receptors in the brain that are blocked by atropine are named
muscarinic.
Is the action of endogenous opioids terminated by reuptake or by enzymes?
enzymes
Glutamate produces EPSPs by:
a. Opening Cl- channels
b. Opening Na+ channels
b. Opening Na+ channels
Which of the following are examples of ways that a drug can be an antagonist, decreasing the action of a neurotransmitter?
a. block post-synaptic receptor
b. block auto-receptor
c. inhibit destructive enzyme (e.g., AchE)
d. block transporter that returns neurotransmitter to terminal
a. block post-synaptic receptor → antagonist (BETA blockers)
Which of the following would be a noradrenergic agonist?
a. Alpha2 blocker
b. Beta blocker
c. Ketamine
a. Alpha2 blocker
Which of the following might increase dopamine action?
a. Stimulation of the ventral tegmental area
b. Stimulation of the substantia nigra
c. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus
d. L-dopa
e. A dopamine reuptake inhibitor
a. Stimulation of the ventral tegmental area
b. Stimulation of the substantia nigra
d. L-dopa
e. A dopamine reuptake inhibitor
An alpha2 blocker would be a:
a. Noradrenergic agonist
b. Noradrenergic antagonist
c. Serotonin agonist
d. Serotonin antagonist
a. Noradrenergic agonist
c. Serotonin agonist
Which of the following might decrease pain?
a. an increase in mu receptors
b. stimulation of the periaqueductal gray area
c. estrogen
d. naloxone
a. an increase in mu receptors
b. stimulation of the periaqueductal gray area
c. estrogen
Which of the following might be helpful in reducing monoamine effects?
a. Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
b. MAO inhibitor
c. Postsynaptic D2 blocker
d. Alpha2 blocker
e. Beta blocker (postsynaptic receptor)
c. Postsynaptic D2 blocker
e. Beta blocker (postsynaptic receptor)
A noradrenergic agonist would be likely to:
a. speed heart rate
b. increase bronchial dilation
c. increase salivation
d. dilate pupils
a. speed heart rate
b. increase bronchial dilation
d. dilate pupils
Dry mouth might result from a:
a. noradrenergic agonist
b. muscarinic agonist
c. noradrenergic antagonist
d. muscarinic antagonist
a. noradrenergic agonist
d. muscarinic antagonist
- MA blocks parasympathetic
Stimulating the ventral tegmental area would increase release of dopamine in the
a. prefrontal cortex
b. nucleus accumbens
c. basal ganglia
a. prefrontal cortex
b. nucleus accumbens
Which of the following may be most important in the effect of cannabinoids on pain?
a. the somatosensory cortex
b. the anterior cingulate cortex
b. the anterior cingulate cortex
The sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine and epinephrine from the
adrenal medulla
Which of the following would be likely to lead to an increase in endogenous opioids?
a. sudden, severe pain
b. acupuncture
c. placebo pain reliever
d. pregnancy
a. sudden, severe pain (natural increaser)
b. acupuncture
c. placebo pain reliever
d. pregnancy (natural increaser)
Which of the following would be a monoamine antagonist?
a. H1 receptor blocker
b. H3 receptor blocker (autoreceptor)
c. Beta receptor blocker (heteroreceptor)
d. Alpha2 receptor blocker (autoreceptor)
- beta
a. H1 receptor blocker
c. Beta receptor blocker (heteroreceptor)
Which of the following would be likely to dilate pupils?
a. An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
b. A muscarinic antagonist
c. A nicotinic antagonist
b. A muscarinic antagonist
- only muscarinic receptors are involved in PNS
If stimulating (or lesioning) each of the following changes behavior, what neurotransmitter would be most strongly implicated? (4)
Ralphe Nuclei
Locus Correlus
Substania Nigra
Ventral tegmental area
RN = Serotonin LC = Norepinephrine SN= Dopamine VTA= Dopamine
Blocking alpha2 receptors can
a. Increase release of norepinephrine
b. Increase release of serotonin
a. Increase release of norepinephrine
b. Increase release of serotonin
