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OB/GYN > Second and Third Trimester- Targeted Scan > Flashcards

Second and Third Trimester- Targeted Scan Flashcards

1
Q

A targeted scan is used for?

A

high risk pregnancies

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2
Q

True or False: A targeted scan is used for every patient

A

False; only high risk or when indictaed

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3
Q

What makes up the Circle of Willis?

A

posterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, middle cerebral arteries, anterior communicating arteries

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4
Q

Which artery is dopplered in the Circle of Willis?

A

middle cerebral artery

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5
Q

On what plane is the Circle of Willis seen?

A

Transverse

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6
Q

The middle cerebral artery has what type of waveform?

A

low resistance (viral organ)

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7
Q

Nuchal translucency is measured when?

A

11-13 wks +- 6 days

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8
Q

What is the nuchal translucency?

A

sonolucent thickness posterior to the neck

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9
Q

The nuchal translucency contains?

A

lymphatic fluid

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10
Q

How is the nuchal translucency measured?

A

on to on

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11
Q

What should the CRL be when measuring nuchal translucency?

A

45-84 mm

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12
Q

The nuchal translucency should measure?

A

<3 mm

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13
Q

True or False: First trimester complications are usually caused by mom

A

False; genetic

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14
Q

2nd and 3rd trimester complications are usually?

A

Caused by mom

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15
Q

What is the most common first trimester complication?

A

fetal hydrops

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16
Q

What is fetal hydrops?

A

excess fluid (NT); swollen baby; fatal

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17
Q

What is located in the posterior fossa?

A

cerebellum, cisterna magna, and nuchal fold

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18
Q

What is the nuchal fold/thickness?

A

skin thickness of the occipital bone

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19
Q

At what level do you measure the nuchal fold and how?

A

level of cerebellum/cisterna magna; outer skull to outer skin

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20
Q

When do you measure nuchal thickness?

A

15-20 wks GA

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21
Q

The nuchal fold should not exceed?

A

5-6 mm

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22
Q

What is assessed in the face?

A

nose and lips, profile, orbits, nasal bone

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23
Q

The nose and lips are assessed for?

A

cleft defects

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24
Q

What are the types of cleft lip?

A

median or bilateral

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25
Q

What is frontal bossing?

A

big forehead

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26
Q

What is micrognathia?

A

small jaw

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27
Q

An absent nasal bone can indicate?

A

Down Syndrome

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28
Q

The distance between the orbits should be _______ to one orbit.

A

equal

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29
Q

If the distance between the orbits is less than one orbit, it is known as?

A

hypotelorism

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30
Q

If the distance between the orbits is more than one orbit, it is known as?

A

hypertelorism

31
Q

A congenital absence of the eye is known as?

A

anophthalmia

32
Q

The orbits should be evaluated in what plane?

A

coronal

33
Q

A small orbit is known as?

A

microphthalmia

34
Q

What is aneuploidy?

A

abnormal number of chromosomes

35
Q

What are the ears being evaluated for?

A

size, shape, position, and overall appearance

36
Q

What is microtia?

A

Small ears

37
Q

What are the three main shunts of the fetal heart?

A

foramen ovalle, ductus arteriosis, ductus venosus

38
Q

Describe the fetal circulation

A

Cord insertion -> umbilical vein -> liver -> ductus venosus -> IVC -> RA -> foramen ovale -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> AO -> rest of body -> umbilical artery -> SVC -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary trunk -> ductus arteriosis -> AO

39
Q

When the foramen ovalle closes it turns into?

A

fossa ovalis

40
Q

When the ductus arteriosis closes it becomes? The ductus venosus?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum ; ligamentum venosum

41
Q

How does oxygenated from the UV blood bypass the liver and drain into IVC?

A

ductus venosus

42
Q

True or False: Atrial defects are hard to diagnosis sonographically

A

True; due to foramen ovalle

43
Q

What is the most common cardiac anomaly?

A

VSD (ventricular septum defect)

44
Q

The chordae tendineae are more prominent in which ventricle?

A

Left; echogenic focus

45
Q

What does the foramen ovalle do?

A

shunt blood from right to left atrium

46
Q

True or False: The RVOT and LVOT should never cross each other

A

False; should never be seen parallel

47
Q

The ductus arteriosis shunts blood from?

A

Pulmonary trunk to aorta

48
Q

What is the ductal arch? What does it resemble?

A

ductus arteriosis; hockey stick shape

49
Q

The ductus arteriosis allows fetal blood to bypass?

A

the fetal lungs

50
Q

What is a patent ductus arteriosis? What does it cause?

A

when the ductus arteriosis does not close after birth; cyanosis (blue baby)

51
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?

A

Innominate Artery, Left CCA, Left Subclavian Artery

52
Q

The aortic arch is best seen in what plane? What does it resemble?

A

sagittal; candy cane

53
Q

What is renal agensis?

A

kidneys did not form

54
Q

The diaphragm is best seen in what plane?

A

sagittal

55
Q

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

A

abdominal contents into thorax or thorax contents into chest

56
Q

On which side is a diaphragmatic hernia more common?

A

Left

57
Q

The fetal gallbladder can been seen on the same plane as?

A

stomach and UV; midline to the right

58
Q

In renal agenisis, the adrenal glands?

A

fall into renal fossa (lying down sign)

59
Q

If bowel is echogenic, it can signify?

A

fetal anomalies

60
Q

What is dextrocardia?

A

heart lies to the right

61
Q

What is ectopica cordis?

A

heart outside of body

62
Q

A high level of AFP can indicate?

A

gastrointestinal anomalies (omphalocele or gastroschisis) or neural tube defects

63
Q

A high level of AFP can indicate?

A

gastrointestinal anomalies (omphalocele or gastroschisis) or neural tube defects

64
Q

If the umbilical cord isn’t large enough to see the mickey mouse sign, how can you see if it is a 3VC or 2VC?

A

see how many umbilical arteries course lateral to bladder

65
Q

The umbilical arteries branch from?

A

Internal iliacs

66
Q

The umbilical arteries branch from?

A

Internal iliacs

67
Q

What is shoulder dystocia?

A

shoulder stuck in vaginal canal; leads to c section

68
Q

What is clinodactyly?

A

overlapping of digits (usually fourth and fifth)

69
Q

The RVOT contains?

A

pulmonary artery

70
Q

The LVOT contains?

A

aorta

71
Q

Normal situs is also called?

A

situs solitus

72
Q

What is observed in the non-stress test/BPP?

A

fetal heart rate, body movements, tone, breathing, amniotic fluid volume

73
Q

The nuchal fold is best measured when?

A

20 weeks GA

74
Q

The pulmonary and aortic valves are ________ valves.

A

semilunar

OB/GYN (9 decks)

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