Second and Third Trimester- Targeted Scan

Question 1

A targeted scan is used for?

Answer 1

high risk pregnancies

Question 2

True or False: A targeted scan is used for every patient

Answer 2

False; only high risk or when indictaed

Question 3

What makes up the Circle of Willis?

Answer 3

posterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, middle cerebral arteries, anterior communicating arteries

Question 4

Which artery is dopplered in the Circle of Willis?

Answer 4

middle cerebral artery

Question 5

On what plane is the Circle of Willis seen?

Answer 5

Transverse

Question 6

The middle cerebral artery has what type of waveform?

Answer 6

low resistance (viral organ)

Question 7

Nuchal translucency is measured when?

Answer 7

11-13 wks +- 6 days

Question 8

What is the nuchal translucency?

Answer 8

sonolucent thickness posterior to the neck

Question 9

The nuchal translucency contains?

Answer 9

lymphatic fluid

Question 10

How is the nuchal translucency measured?

Answer 10

on to on

Question 11

What should the CRL be when measuring nuchal translucency?

Answer 11

45-84 mm

Question 12

The nuchal translucency should measure?

Answer 12

<3 mm

Question 13

True or False: First trimester complications are usually caused by mom

Answer 13

False; genetic

Question 14

2nd and 3rd trimester complications are usually?

Answer 14

Caused by mom

Question 15

What is the most common first trimester complication?

Answer 15

fetal hydrops

Question 16

What is fetal hydrops?

Answer 16

excess fluid (NT); swollen baby; fatal

Question 17

What is located in the posterior fossa?

Answer 17

cerebellum, cisterna magna, and nuchal fold

Question 18

What is the nuchal fold/thickness?

Answer 18

skin thickness of the occipital bone

Question 19

At what level do you measure the nuchal fold and how?

Answer 19

level of cerebellum/cisterna magna; outer skull to outer skin

Question 20

When do you measure nuchal thickness?

Answer 20

15-20 wks GA

Question 21

The nuchal fold should not exceed?

Answer 21

5-6 mm

Question 22

What is assessed in the face?

Answer 22

nose and lips, profile, orbits, nasal bone

Question 23

The nose and lips are assessed for?

Answer 23

cleft defects

Question 24

What are the types of cleft lip?

Answer 24

median or bilateral

Question 25

What is frontal bossing?

Answer 25

big forehead

Question 26

What is micrognathia?

Answer 26

small jaw

Question 27

An absent nasal bone can indicate?

Answer 27

Down Syndrome

Question 28

The distance between the orbits should be _______ to one orbit.

Answer 28

equal

Question 29

If the distance between the orbits is less than one orbit, it is known as?

Answer 29

hypotelorism

Question 30

If the distance between the orbits is more than one orbit, it is known as?

Answer 30

hypertelorism

Question 31

A congenital absence of the eye is known as?

Answer 31

anophthalmia

Question 32

The orbits should be evaluated in what plane?

Answer 32

coronal

Question 33

A small orbit is known as?

Answer 33

microphthalmia

Question 34

What is aneuploidy?

Answer 34

abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 35

What are the ears being evaluated for?

Answer 35

size, shape, position, and overall appearance

Question 36

What is microtia?

Answer 36

Small ears

Question 37

What are the three main shunts of the fetal heart?

Answer 37

foramen ovalle, ductus arteriosis, ductus venosus

Question 38

Describe the fetal circulation

Answer 38

Cord insertion -> umbilical vein -> liver -> ductus venosus -> IVC -> RA -> foramen ovale -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> AO -> rest of body -> umbilical artery -> SVC -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary trunk -> ductus arteriosis -> AO

Question 39

When the foramen ovalle closes it turns into?

Answer 39

fossa ovalis

Question 40

When the ductus arteriosis closes it becomes? The ductus venosus?

Answer 40

Ligamentum arteriosum ; ligamentum venosum

Question 41

How does oxygenated from the UV blood bypass the liver and drain into IVC?

Answer 41

ductus venosus

Question 42

True or False: Atrial defects are hard to diagnosis sonographically

Answer 42

True; due to foramen ovalle

Question 43

What is the most common cardiac anomaly?

Answer 43

VSD (ventricular septum defect)

Question 44

The chordae tendineae are more prominent in which ventricle?

Answer 44

Left; echogenic focus

Question 45

What does the foramen ovalle do?

Answer 45

shunt blood from right to left atrium

Question 46

True or False: The RVOT and LVOT should never cross each other

Answer 46

False; should never be seen parallel

Question 47

The ductus arteriosis shunts blood from?

Answer 47

Pulmonary trunk to aorta

Question 48

What is the ductal arch? What does it resemble?

Answer 48

ductus arteriosis; hockey stick shape

Question 49

The ductus arteriosis allows fetal blood to bypass?

Answer 49

the fetal lungs

Question 50

What is a patent ductus arteriosis? What does it cause?

Answer 50

when the ductus arteriosis does not close after birth; cyanosis (blue baby)

Question 51

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 51

Innominate Artery, Left CCA, Left Subclavian Artery

Question 52

The aortic arch is best seen in what plane? What does it resemble?

Answer 52

sagittal; candy cane

Question 53

What is renal agensis?

Answer 53

kidneys did not form

Question 54

The diaphragm is best seen in what plane?

Answer 54

sagittal

Question 55

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

Answer 55

abdominal contents into thorax or thorax contents into chest

Question 56

On which side is a diaphragmatic hernia more common?

Answer 56

Left

Question 57

The fetal gallbladder can been seen on the same plane as?

Answer 57

stomach and UV; midline to the right

Question 58

In renal agenisis, the adrenal glands?

Answer 58

fall into renal fossa (lying down sign)

Question 59

If bowel is echogenic, it can signify?

Answer 59

fetal anomalies

Question 60

What is dextrocardia?

Answer 60

heart lies to the right

Question 61

What is ectopica cordis?

Answer 61

heart outside of body

Question 62

A high level of AFP can indicate?

Answer 62

gastrointestinal anomalies (omphalocele or gastroschisis) or neural tube defects

Question 63

A high level of AFP can indicate?

Answer 63

gastrointestinal anomalies (omphalocele or gastroschisis) or neural tube defects

Question 64

If the umbilical cord isn’t large enough to see the mickey mouse sign, how can you see if it is a 3VC or 2VC?

Answer 64

see how many umbilical arteries course lateral to bladder

Question 65

The umbilical arteries branch from?

Answer 65

Internal iliacs

Question 66

The umbilical arteries branch from?

Answer 66

Internal iliacs

Question 67

What is shoulder dystocia?

Answer 67

shoulder stuck in vaginal canal; leads to c section

Question 68

What is clinodactyly?

Answer 68

overlapping of digits (usually fourth and fifth)

Question 69

The RVOT contains?

Answer 69

pulmonary artery

Question 70

The LVOT contains?

Answer 70

aorta

Question 71

Normal situs is also called?

Answer 71

situs solitus

Question 72

What is observed in the non-stress test/BPP?

Answer 72

fetal heart rate, body movements, tone, breathing, amniotic fluid volume

Question 73

The nuchal fold is best measured when?

Answer 73

20 weeks GA

Question 74

The pulmonary and aortic valves are ________ valves.

Answer 74

semilunar