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OB/GYN > Ch. 2 Gynecology 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Gynecology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the false and true pelvis?

A

Pubic symphysis/linea terminalis

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2
Q

What does the pubic symphysis divide?

A

Major and minor pelvis

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3
Q

What organs develop in the lower abdomen?

A

Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, kidneys, ovaries, bladder

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4
Q

What muscular organ has the sole purpose of gestation?

A

Uterus

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5
Q

The uterus is formed by the fusion of the ______________.

A

Mullerian ducts

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6
Q

Describe the normal uterus.

A

Single,, anteverted, two horns

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7
Q

Where is the uterus with respect to the peritoneum?

A

Extraperitoneal

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8
Q

Where are the ovaries with respect to the peritoneum?

A

Intraperitoneal

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9
Q

What are the types of uterus?

A

Infantile, nulliparous, menopausal

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10
Q

How is the uterus measured and what are the average measurements?

A

From fundus to cervix; 6-9 cm x 3-4 cm x 4-5 cm
- add .5-1 cm per term pregnancy

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11
Q

If a patient is NOT pregnant, the portion of the uterus between the cervix and corpus is referred to as?

A

Isthmus

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12
Q

If a patient is pregnant, the portion of the uterus between the cervix and corpus is referred to as?

A

Lower uterine segment (lus)

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13
Q

What is the LUS?

A

A transformed isthmus during pregnancy

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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

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15
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

The inner mucosal layer of the uterus

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16
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

The middle muscle layer of the uterus

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17
Q

What is the perimetrium?

A

The outer serousal layer of the uterus

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18
Q

The fallopian tubes are also called:

A

Uterine tubes, oviducts, salpinges

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19
Q

True or false: the uterine tubes are routinely seen sonographically

A

False

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20
Q

True or false: the fallopian tubes are not routinely seen sonographically

A

True

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21
Q

When can the saplings be seen sonographically?

A

When pathologically dilated

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22
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

The longest portion of the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs

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23
Q

Why is an interstitial ectopic pregnancy so dangerous?

A

The patient can bleed to death if there is a rupture due to the many vessels in that area

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24
Q

Describe the broad ligament and whether or not it is seen sonographically.

A

Sheetlike structure on each side of uterus; not seen sonographically unless there is free fluid

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25
Q

Which ligament holds the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Cardinal ligament or ligament of Mackenrodt or lateral cervical ligament

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26
Q

Which ligament contains the uterine artery and vein?

A

Ligament of Mackenrodt, cardinal ligament, lateral cervical ligament

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27
Q

Which vessels does the cardinal ligament contain?

A

Uterine artery and vein

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28
Q

Which ligament can be a source of pain in pregnancy?

A

Round ligament

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29
Q

Which ligament provides anteversion of uterus?

A

Round ligament

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30
Q

Where does the round ligament originate?

A

Uterine horns

31
Q

What attaches the ovaries to the uterus?

A

Ovarian ligament

32
Q

What does the suspensory ligament attach?

A

Ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

33
Q

The suspensory ligament is also known as

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

34
Q

What is the landmark of the ovaries? How are they related?

A

The ovaries lie medial and anterior to the internal iliac arteries

35
Q

What is the normal measurement of the ovary?

A

<4 cm

36
Q

True or false: the ureters are not routinely seen sonographically

A

True

37
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani muscles

38
Q

Which muscles make up the levator ani muscles?

A

Pubococcygeous and iliococcygeous

39
Q

Which muscle is commonly mistaken for the ovaries?

A

piriformis muscles

40
Q

The uterovesical space is also known as the _________ and is located between the ________ and the _________

A

Anterior cul de sac; anterior uterine wall and the posterior bladder

41
Q

The rectouterine space is also known as the _________ and is located between the ________ and the _________

A

Posterior cul de sac or pouch of Douglas; posterior uterus and anterior rectum

42
Q

Where is the space of Retzius located?

A

Between anterior bladder and pubic bone

43
Q

What creates the anterior and posterior cul de sacs?

A

The peritoneum

44
Q

Define menarche

A

Onset of first LMP

45
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Canal from vulva to cervix

46
Q

Where is the cervix located?

A

Between external os (vaginal side) and internal os (uterine side)

47
Q

The body of the uterus is also known as the

A

Corpus

48
Q

Is the cornu part of the fallopian tubes?

A

NO!! Also called uterine Cornu

49
Q

When does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle occur?

A

Day 1-14

50
Q

What hormone do follicles secrete and what does it do?

A

Estrogen; promotes proliferation of endo

51
Q

What is the name of the only follicle that reaches maturity?

A

Dominant follicle, Graafian follicle, follicle of Graaf

52
Q

How can a Graafian follicle be identified sonographically?

A

Has cumulus oophorus (echogenic ring) within follicle; 2.5 cm or 25 mm

53
Q

Mid cycle (14 days) sharp pain

A

Mittelschmerz

54
Q

Define corpus luteum and what it produces

A

Temporary endocrine gland formed after the release of the secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle; progesterone

55
Q

What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

A

Promotes proliferation of endo; initiates secretory phase; prepares for conceptus

56
Q

What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular (1-14) and luteal (15-28)

57
Q

What are the phases of the endometrial cycle?

A

Menstrual (1-5), proliferative (6-14), periovulatory (14), Secretory (15-28)

58
Q

What are the hormones that control the maturation of the ovarian follicles?

A

FSH and LH

59
Q

What happens in the absence of fertilization?

A

Corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans; disintegration of endometrial lining

60
Q

What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the menstrual phase?

A

2-4mm; thin endometrial stripe

61
Q

What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the proliferative phase?

A

3-6 mm; thin and echopenic

62
Q

What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the periovulatory phase?

A

6 - 10 mm; three line pattern

63
Q

What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the secretory phase?

A

8-12 mm; thick and echogenic

64
Q

Measurement of postmenopausal endo

A

< 5 mm

65
Q

What effect does tamoxifen have on the endo?

A

Thickens the endo (<8mm)

66
Q

Why does a postmenopausal endo measure smaller?

A

Less follicles to produce estrogen

67
Q

Anteverted uterus

A

Normal position; full bladder

68
Q

Anteflexed uterus

A

Bends anteriorly at cervix (empty bladder)

69
Q

Retroverted uterus

A

Tilted posteriorly

70
Q

Retroflexed uterus

A

Bends posteriorly at cervix

71
Q

Dextroposed uterus

A

Right of midline

72
Q

Levoposed uterus

A

Left of midline

73
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

74
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Painful intercourse

OB/GYN (5 decks)

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