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OB/GYN > Ch. 2 Gynecology 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Gynecology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the false and true pelvis?

A

Pubic symphysis/linea terminalis

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2
Q

What does the pubic symphysis divide?

A

Major and minor pelvis

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3
Q

What organs develop in the lower abdomen?

A

Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, kidneys, ovaries, bladder

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4
Q

What muscular organ has the sole purpose of gestation?

A

Uterus

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5
Q

The uterus is formed by the fusion of the ______________.

A

Mullerian ducts

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6
Q

Describe the normal uterus.

A

Single,, anteverted, two horns

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7
Q

Where is the uterus with respect to the peritoneum?

A

Extraperitoneal

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8
Q

Where are the ovaries with respect to the peritoneum?

A

Intraperitoneal

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9
Q

What are the types of uterus?

A

Infantile, nulliparous, menopausal

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10
Q

How is the uterus measured and what are the average measurements?

A

From fundus to cervix; 6-9 cm x 3-4 cm x 4-5 cm
- add .5-1 cm per term pregnancy

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11
Q

If a patient is NOT pregnant, the portion of the uterus between the cervix and corpus is referred to as?

A

Isthmus

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12
Q

If a patient is pregnant, the portion of the uterus between the cervix and corpus is referred to as?

A

Lower uterine segment (lus)

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13
Q

What is the LUS?

A

A transformed isthmus during pregnancy

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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

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15
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

The inner mucosal layer of the uterus

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16
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

The middle muscle layer of the uterus

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17
Q

What is the perimetrium?

A

The outer serousal layer of the uterus

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18
Q

The fallopian tubes are also called:

A

Uterine tubes, oviducts, salpinges

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19
Q

True or false: the uterine tubes are routinely seen sonographically

A

False

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20
Q

True or false: the fallopian tubes are not routinely seen sonographically

A

True

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21
Q

When can the salpinges be seen sonographically?

A

When pathologically dilated

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22
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

The longest portion of the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs

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23
Q

Why is an interstitial ectopic pregnancy so dangerous?

A

The patient can bleed to death if there is a rupture due to the many vessels in that area

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24
Q

Describe the broad ligament and whether or not it is seen sonographically.

A

Sheetlike structure on each side of uterus; not seen sonographically unless there is free fluid

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25
Which ligament holds the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall?
Cardinal ligament or ligament of Mackenrodt or lateral cervical ligament
26
Which ligament contains the uterine artery and vein?
Ligament of Mackenrodt, cardinal ligament, lateral cervical ligament
27
Which vessels does the cardinal ligament contain?
Uterine artery and vein
28
Which ligament can be a source of pain in pregnancy?
Round ligament
29
Which ligament provides anteversion of uterus?
Round ligament
30
Where does the round ligament originate?
Uterine horns
31
What attaches the ovaries to the uterus?
Ovarian ligament
32
What does the suspensory ligament attach?
Ovaries to lateral pelvic wall
33
The suspensory ligament is also known as
Infundibulopelvic ligament
34
What is the landmark of the ovaries? How are they related?
The ovaries lie medial and anterior to the internal iliac arteries
35
What is the normal measurement of the ovary?
<4 cm
36
True or false: the ureters are not routinely seen sonographically
True
37
What muscles make up the pelvic floor?
levator ani muscles
38
Which muscles make up the levator ani muscles?
Pubococcygeous and iliococcygeous
39
Which muscle is commonly mistaken for the ovaries?
piriformis muscles
40
The uterovesical space is also known as the _________ and is located between the ________ and the _________
Anterior cul de sac; anterior uterine wall and the posterior bladder
41
The rectouterine space is also known as the _________ and is located between the ________ and the _________
Posterior cul de sac or pouch of Douglas; posterior uterus and anterior rectum
42
Where is the space of Retzius located?
Between anterior bladder and pubic bone
43
What creates the anterior and posterior cul de sacs?
The peritoneum
44
Define menarche
Onset of first LMP
45
What is the vagina?
Canal from vulva to cervix
46
Where is the cervix located?
Between external os (vaginal side) and internal os (uterine side)
47
The body of the uterus is also known as the
Corpus
48
Is the cornu part of the fallopian tubes?
NO!! Also called uterine Cornu
49
When does the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle occur?
Day 1-14
50
What hormone do follicles secrete and what does it do?
Estrogen; promotes proliferation of endo
51
What is the name of the only follicle that reaches maturity?
Dominant follicle, Graafian follicle, follicle of Graaf
52
How can a Graafian follicle be identified sonographically?
Has cumulus oophorus (echogenic ring) within follicle; 2.5 cm or 25 mm
53
Mid cycle (14 days) sharp pain
Mittelschmerz
54
Define corpus luteum and what it produces
Temporary endocrine gland formed after the release of the secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle; progesterone
55
What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?
Promotes proliferation of endo; initiates secretory phase; prepares for conceptus
56
What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular (1-14) and luteal (15-28)
57
What are the phases of the endometrial cycle?
Menstrual (1-5), proliferative (6-14), periovulatory (14), Secretory (15-28)
58
What are the hormones that control the maturation of the ovarian follicles?
FSH and LH
59
What happens in the absence of fertilization?
Corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans; disintegration of endometrial lining
60
What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the menstrual phase?
2-4mm; thin endometrial stripe
61
What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the proliferative phase?
3-6 mm; thin and echopenic
62
What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the periovulatory phase?
6 - 10 mm; three line pattern
63
What is the measurement and appearance of the endo during the secretory phase?
8-12 mm; thick and echogenic
64
Measurement of postmenopausal endo
< 5 mm
65
What effect does tamoxifen have on the endo?
Thickens the endo (<8mm)
66
Why does a postmenopausal endo measure smaller?
Less follicles to produce estrogen
67
Anteverted uterus
Normal position; full bladder
68
Anteflexed uterus
Bends anteriorly at cervix (empty bladder)
69
Retroverted uterus
Tilted posteriorly
70
Retroflexed uterus
Bends posteriorly at cervix
71
Dextroposed uterus
Right of midline
72
Levoposed uterus
Left of midline
73
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation
74
Dyspareunia
Painful intercourse

OB/GYN (13 decks)

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