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OB/GYN > Ch. 2 Gynecology 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Gynecology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When do congenital pelvic abnormalities appear?

A

Present at birth

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2
Q

The mullerian ducts are also known as?

A

paramesonephric ducts

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3
Q

The mullerian ducts are only present in which sex?

A

Female

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4
Q

Agenesis

A

Absence; did not develop

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5
Q

Atresia

A

Underdevelopment; started then stopped

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6
Q

Define uterine agenesis

A

Absence of uterus above vagina

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7
Q

Define ectopic ovaries

A

Misplaced ovaries

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8
Q

True or false: ectopic ovaries are common

A

False; super rare

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9
Q

Define infantile uterus

A

Small uterus; underdeveloped endo

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10
Q

What should you do when a uterine anomaly is seen?

A

Examine kidneys

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11
Q

What is an infantile uterus associated with?

A

Infertility and Turner syndrome

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12
Q

How do uterine duplications occur?

A

Disruption of the normal fusion of the mullerian ducts

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13
Q

What is the most common uterine duplication?

A

Bicornuate uterus

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14
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

Uterine duplication of two endometrial canals

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15
Q

What drug is associated with a bicornuate uterus?

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

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16
Q

What is DES?

A

Diethylstilbestrol; drug given to pregnant patients to prevent SAB

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17
Q

What is gynatresia?

A

A blockage of the vagina caused by underdevelopment

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18
Q

Define cryptomenorrhea

A

Menstruation occurs but is not visible due to outflow obstruction

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19
Q

Define primary amenorrhea

A

Never had period

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20
Q

Define secondary amenorrhea

A

Had a period then suddenly stopped

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21
Q

Define hematocolpos

A

Blood in the vagina

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22
Q

Define hematometra

A

Blood in uterus

23
Q

Hematometrocolpos

A

Blood in both the uterus and vagina

24
Q

Define hematosalpinx

A

Blood in saplinges

25
Q

What is the usual cause of hematometrocolpos?

A

Imperforate hymen

26
Q

AUB is caused by?

A

Something structural

27
Q

Most common cause of AUB?

A

Fibroids or polyps

28
Q

DUB is usually caused by?

A

Hormonal disturbances

29
Q

Define menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy and long periods at regular intervals

30
Q

Define metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding at irregular intervals; aka spotting

31
Q

What is the most common uterine cyst?

A

Nabothian cyst

32
Q

Where are nabothian cysts located?

A

Cervix

33
Q

What cysts ave located along the walls of the vagina?

A

Gartner duct cysts

34
Q

What creates Gartner cysts?

A

Remnants of the paramesonephric ducts

35
Q

Where are myometrial cysts located?

A

Between endo and myometrium

36
Q

Adenomyosis is associated with what kind of cyst?

A

Myometrial

37
Q

A leiomyoma is also known as?

A

Fibroid/myoma

38
Q

True or false: Leiomyomas are malignant

A

False; benign

39
Q

A fibroid is a _______ tumor

A

Smooth muscle

40
Q

True or false: leiomyomas are not encapsulated

A

True

41
Q

What hormone influences fibroids?

A

Estrogen

42
Q

Fibroids ____ with pregnancy and _______ with menopause.

A

Grow; shrink

43
Q

Fibroids are most common in what population?

A

African -Americans

44
Q

What is a leiosarcoma

A

A malignant fibroid

45
Q

Which fibroids are found in the muscle layer of the uterus?

A

Intramural

46
Q

Which fibroids are found in the muscle layer of the uterus?

A

Intramural

47
Q

Which fibroids are found underneath the serosal layer of the uterus?

A

Subserosal fibroids

48
Q

Which fibroids are located underneath the endometrium?

A

Submucosal fibroids

49
Q

Which fibroid causes the most uterine bleeding?

A

Submucosal

50
Q

Pendunculated (exophytic) fibroids are located where?

A

Adnexa

51
Q

True or false: endometrial polyps shadow

A

false; do not shadow

52
Q

Endometrial polyps are difficult to differentiate from?

A

Submucosal fibroids

53
Q

Define sonohystrography

A

Saline injected into endo to look inside and see polyp

OB/GYN (5 decks)

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