Ch. 2 Gynecology 2 Flashcards
When do congenital pelvic abnormalities appear?
Present at birth
The mullerian ducts are also known as?
paramesonephric ducts
The mullerian ducts are only present in which sex?
Female
Agenesis
Absence; did not develop
Atresia
Underdevelopment; started then stopped
Define uterine agenesis
Absence of uterus above vagina
Define ectopic ovaries
Misplaced ovaries
True or false: ectopic ovaries are common
False; super rare
Define infantile uterus
Small uterus; underdeveloped endo
What should you do when a uterine anomaly is seen?
Examine kidneys
What is an infantile uterus associated with?
Infertility and Turner syndrome
How do uterine duplications occur?
Disruption of the normal fusion of the mullerian ducts
What is the most common uterine duplication?
Bicornuate uterus
What is a bicornuate uterus?
Uterine duplication of two endometrial canals
What drug is associated with a bicornuate uterus?
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
What is DES?
Diethylstilbestrol; drug given to pregnant patients to prevent SAB
What is gynatresia?
A blockage of the vagina caused by underdevelopment
Define cryptomenorrhea
Menstruation occurs but is not visible due to outflow obstruction
Define primary amenorrhea
Never had period
Define secondary amenorrhea
Had a period then suddenly stopped
Define hematocolpos
Blood in the vagina
Define hematometra
Blood in uterus
Hematometrocolpos
Blood in both the uterus and vagina
Define hematosalpinx
Blood in saplinges
What is the usual cause of hematometrocolpos?
Imperforate hymen
AUB is caused by?
Something structural
Most common cause of AUB?
Fibroids or polyps
DUB is usually caused by?
Hormonal disturbances
Define menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy and long periods at regular intervals
Define metrorrhagia
Bleeding at irregular intervals; aka spotting
What is the most common uterine cyst?
Nabothian cyst
Where are nabothian cysts located?
Cervix
What cysts ave located along the walls of the vagina?
Gartner duct cysts
What creates Gartner cysts?
Remnants of the paramesonephric ducts
Where are myometrial cysts located?
Between endo and myometrium
Adenomyosis is associated with what kind of cyst?
Myometrial
A leiomyoma is also known as?
Fibroid/myoma
True or false: Leiomyomas are malignant
False; benign
A fibroid is a _______ tumor
Smooth muscle
True or false: leiomyomas are not encapsulated
True
What hormone influences fibroids?
Estrogen
Fibroids ____ with pregnancy and _______ with menopause.
Grow; shrink
Fibroids are most common in what population?
African -Americans
What is a leiosarcoma
A malignant fibroid
Which fibroids are found in the muscle layer of the uterus?
Intramural
Which fibroids are found in the muscle layer of the uterus?
Intramural
Which fibroids are found underneath the serosal layer of the uterus?
Subserosal fibroids
Which fibroids are located underneath the endometrium?
Submucosal fibroids
Which fibroid causes the most uterine bleeding?
Submucosal
Pendunculated (exophytic) fibroids are located where?
Adnexa
True or false: endometrial polyps shadow
false; do not shadow
Endometrial polyps are difficult to differentiate from?
Submucosal fibroids
Define sonohystrography
Saline injected into endo to look inside and see polyp
