Ch. 2 Gynecology 2

Question 1

When do congenital pelvic abnormalities appear?

Answer 1

Present at birth

Question 2

The mullerian ducts are also known as?

Answer 2

paramesonephric ducts

Question 3

The mullerian ducts are only present in which sex?

Answer 3

Female

Question 4

Agenesis

Answer 4

Absence; did not develop

Question 5

Atresia

Answer 5

Underdevelopment; started then stopped

Question 6

Define uterine agenesis

Answer 6

Absence of uterus above vagina

Question 7

Define ectopic ovaries

Answer 7

Misplaced ovaries

Question 8

True or false: ectopic ovaries are common

Answer 8

False; super rare

Question 9

Define infantile uterus

Answer 9

Small uterus; underdeveloped endo

Question 10

What should you do when a uterine anomaly is seen?

Answer 10

Examine kidneys

Question 11

What is an infantile uterus associated with?

Answer 11

Infertility and Turner syndrome

Question 12

How do uterine duplications occur?

Answer 12

Disruption of the normal fusion of the mullerian ducts

Question 13

What is the most common uterine duplication?

Answer 13

Bicornuate uterus

Question 14

What is a bicornuate uterus?

Answer 14

Uterine duplication of two endometrial canals

Question 15

What drug is associated with a bicornuate uterus?

Answer 15

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Question 16

What is DES?

Answer 16

Diethylstilbestrol; drug given to pregnant patients to prevent SAB

Question 17

What is gynatresia?

Answer 17

A blockage of the vagina caused by underdevelopment

Question 18

Define cryptomenorrhea

Answer 18

Menstruation occurs but is not visible due to outflow obstruction

Question 19

Define primary amenorrhea

Answer 19

Never had period

Question 20

Define secondary amenorrhea

Answer 20

Had a period then suddenly stopped

Question 21

Define hematocolpos

Answer 21

Blood in the vagina

Question 22

Define hematometra

Answer 22

Blood in uterus

Question 23

Hematometrocolpos

Answer 23

Blood in both the uterus and vagina

Question 24

Define hematosalpinx

Answer 24

Blood in saplinges

Question 25

What is the usual cause of hematometrocolpos?

Answer 25

Imperforate hymen

Question 26

AUB is caused by?

Answer 26

Something structural

Question 27

Most common cause of AUB?

Answer 27

Fibroids or polyps

Question 28

DUB is usually caused by?

Answer 28

Hormonal disturbances

Question 29

Define menorrhagia

Answer 29

Abnormally heavy and long periods at **regular intervals**

Question 30

Define metrorrhagia

Answer 30

Bleeding at **irregular intervals**; aka spotting

Question 31

What is the most common uterine cyst?

Answer 31

Nabothian cyst

Question 32

Where are nabothian cysts located?

Answer 32

Cervix

Question 33

What cysts ave located along the walls of the vagina?

Answer 33

Gartner duct cysts

Question 34

What creates Gartner cysts?

Answer 34

Remnants of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 35

Where are myometrial cysts located?

Answer 35

Between endo and myometrium

Question 36

Adenomyosis is associated with what kind of cyst?

Answer 36

Myometrial

Question 37

A leiomyoma is also known as?

Answer 37

Fibroid/myoma

Question 38

True or false: Leiomyomas are malignant

Answer 38

False; benign

Question 39

A fibroid is a _______ tumor

Answer 39

Smooth muscle

Question 40

True or false: leiomyomas are not encapsulated

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What hormone influences fibroids?

Answer 41

Estrogen

Question 42

Fibroids ____ with pregnancy and _______ with menopause.

Answer 42

Grow; shrink

Question 43

Fibroids are most common in what population?

Answer 43

African -Americans

Question 44

What is a leiosarcoma

Answer 44

A malignant fibroid

Question 45

Which fibroids are found in the muscle layer of the uterus?

Answer 45

Intramural

Question 46

Which fibroids are found in the muscle layer of the uterus?

Answer 46

Intramural

Question 47

Which fibroids are found underneath the serosal layer of the uterus?

Answer 47

Subserosal fibroids

Question 48

Which fibroids are located underneath the endometrium?

Answer 48

Submucosal fibroids

Question 49

Which fibroid causes the most uterine bleeding?

Answer 49

Submucosal

Question 50

Pendunculated (exophytic) fibroids are located where?

Answer 50

Adnexa

Question 51

True or false: endometrial polyps shadow

Answer 51

false; do not shadow

Question 52

Endometrial polyps are difficult to differentiate from?

Answer 52

Submucosal fibroids

Question 53

Define sonohystrography

Answer 53

Saline injected into endo to look inside and see polyp