Invasive Procedures

Question 1

What is the most common invasive test done during pregnancy?

Answer 1

Amniocentesis

Question 2

An amniocentesis is only done by which route?

Answer 2

TAS

Question 3

Describe an amniocentesis

Answer 3

A sample of amniotic fluid is taken under sonographic guidance

Question 4

During which weeks is an amniocentesis typically done?*

Answer 4

14-16 wks GA

Question 5

Performing an amniocentesis before week 14 can increase the chance of?*

Answer 5

miscarriage

Question 6

What establishes lung maturity of a fetus?

Answer 6

L/S ratio (lecithin-sphingomyelin) and phosphatidyl-glycerol

Question 7

Prior to an amniocentisis, a sonographer must check?*

Answer 7

fetal viability, GA, fetal number, placenta location, fetal anatomy, amount of amniotic fluid, and uterine anomalies

Question 8

True or False: The karyotyping of amniotic fluid can take up to 2-4 weeks*

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the most common complication of an amniocentesis?

Answer 9

chorioamnionitis

Question 10

What is indigo carmine dye used for?

Answer 10

used in a multiple gestation pregnancy to ensure fluid is not being taken from the same sac twice

Question 11

Describe chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 11

Needle is inserted at level of chorionic villi (chorionic frondosum contacts decidua basalis)

Question 12

When is CVS performed?

Answer 12

10-14 wks

Question 13

When are results typically ready for a CVS?

Answer 13

within 48 hours

Question 14

What is checked prior to CVS?

Answer 14

position of uterus, uterine anomalies, cervical anomalies, location of chorion

Question 15

CVS is performed by which route?

Answer 15

TAS or TVS

Question 16

True or False: Fetal position matters for CVS*

Answer 16

False; does not matter

Question 17

When is an amnioreduction performed?

Answer 17

in severe cases of polyhydramnios

Question 18

When is an amnioinfusion performed?

Answer 18

in severe cases of oligohydramnios or anhydramnios

Question 19

Amnioinfusion can help with?

Answer 19

visualization of fetus and fetal lung maturation and development

Question 20

What is PUBS?

Answer 20

percutaneous umbilical cord sampling

Question 21

Describe PUBS*

Answer 21

needle is inserted into umbilical vein at the level of placenta (NOT fetus)

Question 22

Intrauterine fetal transfusion can be indicated by?*

Answer 22

erythroblastosis fetalis AKA Rh incompatibility

Question 23

When is an intrauterine fetal transfusion performed?

Answer 23

18-35 wks through placenta to umbilical vein

Question 24

Bladder aspiration is an example of?

Answer 24

minimally invasive fetal surgery

Question 25

A bladder outlet obstruction is commonly caused by?

Answer 25

posterior urethral valves

Question 26

True of False: A bladder outlet obstruction is more common in females

Answer 26

False; males

Question 27

What is megacystis?

Answer 27

severe enlargement of the bladder

Question 28

What is the keyhole sign?*

Answer 28

megacystis WITH urethra showing in sag