SDG: massspec b Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction The mass analyzer

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2
Q

Some useful definitions

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3
Q

Mass resolving power - resolution

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4
Q

Resolution: an example

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5
Q

Kinetic energy of ions

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6
Q

Mass analyzers

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7
Q

Magnetic sector instruments

working principle

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8
Q

Magnetic sector instruments

equations

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9
Q

Magnetic sector instruments

rearranging of the equations

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10
Q

Magnetic sector instruments Working principle of an electrostatic analyzer

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11
Q

Magnetic sector instruments Working principle of a double focusing magnetic sector MS

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12
Q

Quadrupole mass spectrometers

general

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13
Q

Quadrupole mass spectrometers Working principle of a quadrupole mass spectrometer

XZ und YZ plane

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14
Q

Quadrupole mass spectrometers Working principle of a quadrupole mass spectrometer When the dc (U and –U)

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15
Q

Quadrupole mass spectrometers Working principle of a quadrupole mass spectrometer The motion of an ion

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16
Q

Quadrupole mass spectrometers Performance characteristics

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17
Q

Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometers Working principle of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer

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18
Q

Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometers The measured arrival times

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19
Q

Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometers Mass resolution:

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20
Q

Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometers Delayed extraction of ions

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21
Q

Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometers

Reflectron TOF instrument

Orthogonal Acceleration TOF instrument

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22
Q

Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometers Performance characteristics:

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23
Q

Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers Working principle of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer

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24
Q

Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers The m/q ions precess in the trapping field

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25
Q

Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers

Mass selective instability mode:

Performance characteristics:

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26
Q

Linear ion trap mass spectrometers

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27
Q

(Fourier Transform) Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

general

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28
Q

(Fourier Transform) Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

A typical ICR experiment

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29
Q

Orbitrap mass spectrometers

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30
Q

Detectors - general

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31
Q

Detectors – Faraday cup

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32
Q

Detectors – electron multiplier

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33
Q

Detectors – photon multiplier and postacceleration detectors

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34
Q

Why ionization is required?

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35
Q

Various ion sources

table

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36
Q

Various ion sources

common elements

should be

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37
Q

Electron Ionization (EI)

general

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38
Q

Electron Ionization (EI)

efficiency

current

introduction

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39
Q

Electron Ionization (EI) Advantages and limitations of EI:

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40
Q

Electron Ionization (EI)

calculation exercise

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41
Q

Chemical Ionization (CI)

general

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42
Q

Chemical Ionization (CI)

equations

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43
Q

Chemical Ionization (CI) Isobutane and ammonia

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44
Q

Electron impact versus Chemical Ionization

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45
Q

Chemical Ionization (CI) Nevertheless, the extent of fragmentation can be controlled

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46
Q

CI - examples

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47
Q

Charge exchange and Negative Ion CI

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48
Q

Photoionization

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49
Q

Condensed phase ionization techniques Ionization of solid-state samples

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50
Q

Laser desorption / ionization Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization

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51
Q

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization

scheme

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52
Q

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization

different matrizes

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53
Q

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization

organics

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54
Q

Condensed phase ionization techniques Ionization of liquid-state samples

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55
Q

Thermospray ionization

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56
Q

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

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57
Q

Electrospray ionization

general

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58
Q

Electrospray ionization

droplet formation

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59
Q

Electrospray ionization

shrinking

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60
Q

Additional info on (organic) MS

resolution

identification

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61
Q

Additional info on (organic) MS Most elements exist in several distinct isotopic

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62
Q

Additional info on (organic) MS Consider a compound with of the general formula CxHyNzOn;

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63
Q

Additional info on (organic) MS Compounds with large number of carbon atoms

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64
Q

Additional info on (organic) MS Guidelines:

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65
Q

Additional info on (organic) MS

example

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66
Q

Mass Spectra

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67
Q

Resolution – some additional info

improvement

double focus

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68
Q

Resolution – some additional info

transmission

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69
Q

Introduction

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70
Q

Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

general

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71
Q

Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Working principle:

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72
Q

Spark Source Mass Spectrometry

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73
Q

Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Summary

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74
Q

Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Operating regime of gas discharges and schematic of a glow discharge:

gas discharge

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75
Q

Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry

cathode spark

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76
Q

Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Fundamental processes in the GD plasma:

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77
Q

Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Ionization and excitation processes in the negative glow region of a GD:

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78
Q

Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry Analytical applications of Glow Discharges

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79
Q

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (introduction)

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80
Q

ICPMS (sample introduction)

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81
Q

ICPMS (nebulizers)

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82
Q

ICPMS (spray chambers)

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83
Q

ICPMS (plasma source)

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84
Q

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (brief review)

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85
Q

ICPMS (plasma source)

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86
Q

ICPMS (interface region)

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87
Q

Laser Ablation ICPMS

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88
Q

A review of interferences (for GDMS and ICPMS)

interferences

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89
Q

A review of interferences (for GDMS and ICPMS)

some common interferences

table

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90
Q

A review of interferences (for GDMS and ICPMS)

how to compensate

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91
Q

A review of interferences (for GDMS and ICPMS)

cold plasma operation

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92
Q

ICPMS (avoid interferences)

collision

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93
Q

ICPMS (avoid interferences)

dynamic cell reaction

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94
Q

Isotope ratio Mass Spectrometry

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95
Q

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

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96
Q

Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Working principle:

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