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Z/ HIGHER Computing Science > SDD Notes lol N5 > Flashcards

SDD Notes lol N5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: the ALU

A

the [Arithmetic Logic Unit] deals with all calculations and logic decisions

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2
Q

the more bits used to represent each character;

A

the larger the file size will be

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3
Q

parts of the processor: (3)

A

registers
the ALU
the control unit

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4
Q

Define: array

A

arrays store multiple values of the same data type

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5
Q

is a gif standard file format?

A

yes

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6
Q

Compilers: translate speed

A

all at once - faster

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7
Q

largest unit of storage?

A

Petabyte (Pb)

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8
Q

example of a logic error

A

trying to calculate average from sum of 4, 5 and 6 but instead of the output being 5 it is 15

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9
Q

Define: Interfaces

A

an interface allows two devices to communicate with each other

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10
Q

equals

A

=

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11
Q

Integer

A

Whole Number

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12
Q

how does using a breadcrumb aid navigation

A

helps user view path taken to reach this page OR
useful to retrace steps and go back to previous pages OR
useful in indicating section of current page to orientate user

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13
Q

what is Unicode mainly used for

A

storing languages with very large character sets

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14
Q

state the data structure that would be used to store a list of Price values
examples of Price values: 34.3, 66.1, 92.3

A

an array of real numbers

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15
Q

how many bits does Extended ASCII use per character

A

8-bits; 2^8

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16
Q

Define: graphical object

A

An object that can be placed on the user interface that can contain a picture

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17
Q

Interpreters: when does the program need to be translated

A

every time the program is run - slower

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18
Q

Define: pre-defined functions

A

Code that has been created to perform a certain action which does not need to be programmed but can be used by the programmer

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19
Q

explain how a search engine is used to produce a list

A

through a search that matches user searched keywords then searches a database of known pages.

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20
Q

Python expression(s) to assign values to variables

A

declaring it: counter=0
requesting input: age=input(“How old are you?”)
changing an existing value: total=total+mark

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21
Q

real numbers are stored using

A

a mantissa and exponent

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22
Q

Define: Machine Code

A

the language that a computer understands which is made up from a combination of 1s and 0s

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23
Q

why is file compression used before transferring files to cloud storage

A

so the upload / transfer is faster OR

so more files can be stored

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24
Q

Compilers: when does the program need to be translated

A

only once as the translated code can be saved - faster

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25
purposes of using an interface (3)
``` temporary storage of data handling of status signals data conversion - serial to parallel voltage conversion communication between devices ```
26
what is the domain name of | http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/41288.html
(www.)sqa.org.uk
27
If a number begins with a 0 does it need to be declared as a string?
yes
28
why must high level languages be translated into machine code in order for them to be run?
computer systems only speak machine code so out programs must be translated into machine code I order to have our instructions carried out.
29
how many bits does ASCII use per character
7-bits; 2^7
30
Features of a web browser (5)
``` shortcuts favourites bookmarks refresh home search box address bar stop button tabbed browsing customisation of toolbars change default homepage ```
31
an algorithm to check that the data that is inputted can be accepted
``` Get input from user While input = incorrect Display error message Get input from user End while ```
32
vectors graphics are stored as
individual objects with attributes such as StartPoint X, StartPoint Y, EndPoint X, EndPoint Y, line thickness, line colour etc.
33
pro of using bitmapped graphics
realistic
34
not equal to
!=
35
Fixed loops will
always execute a set number of times
36
more than or equal to
>=
37
what makes a program more readable? (3/4)
internal commentary meaningful identifiers indentation and whitespace
38
Interpreters: translate speed
one line at a time - slower
39
Will your program run with a logic error?
yes but will display an unexpected output
40
basic computer architecture: (4)
the processor main memory buses interfaces
41
1D Arrays are declared with
[ ] | square brackets
42
characters can be stored using what formats? (3)
ASCII, Extended ASCII and Unicode
43
Define: the registers
fast access temporary storage locations
44
con of using bitmapped graphics
loses quality when scaled up | objects cannot be overlapped
45
name the two translators
compiler & interpreter
46
Define: ROM
[Read Only Memory] cannot be altered and is not lost when the computer is turned off
47
bitmapped graphics are stored as
an array of pixels
48
exponent
deals with the range of the decimal number
49
borrowing someones wireless network / wifi without their permission is breaking what law
communications act
50
smallest unit of storage?
bit (binary digit)
51
Example of a complex condition
while (age>=12) and (age<=18)
52
whole numbers are stored using
binary
53
Interpreters: when are errors displayed
if an error is found the translation stops and it is highlighted - useful
54
Interfaces compensate for (3)
differences in data transfer speed, power usage, languages that the devices use to enable these devices to communicate with each other
55
Will your program run with an execution error?
yes but may crash due to unexpected input
56
Define: pseudocode
text representation of what your code will do
57
example of an execution error
contains a conditional loop with a condition that cannot be met.
58
Real
Decimal Number
59
Define: string
a variable containing a combination of letter, symbols and numbers
60
con of using vector graphics
unrealistic
61
Define: exceptional test data
data that is outwith the range that our program is expecting to be entered. This input will be rejected and inform the user why it has been rejected.
62
less than or equal to
<=
63
less than
<
64
mantissa
deals with the accuracy of the decimal number
65
Python expressions to return values using arithmetic operators
+, -, *, /, ^
66
Example of a simple condition
if (age>18)
67
why do programmers use high level language for coding instead of machine code
it is easier for humans to understand since they use everyday words like: IF, FOR, PRINT, WHILE etc.
68
equal to
==
69
Example of a pre-defined function
the Round function: number=round(number,1) | this rounds to one d.p.
70
what is similar to pseudocode that can be used?
graphical representation ( as in graphic as in picture )
71
parts of the main memory: (2)
ROM | RAM
72
how is a real number stored
as a mantissa and an exponent
73
Define: readability
how easy it is for other programmers to understand what is happening in your code
74
examples of interfaces
USB2.0 USB3.0 Thunderbolt HDMI
75
Define: extreme test data
data that is the largest and smallest value that can still be accepted and will still produce the result we predict
76
Will your program run with a syntax error?
no
77
graphics can be either
bitmap or vector
78
Define: the Control Unit
it controls the order in which instructions are executed within the processor. also in charge of prioritising
79
Define: boolean
A variable that can only have two values, true or false
80
example of a syntax error
priint("hello")
81
Conditional Loops will
execute an unlimited amount of times until the condition is met
82
Compilers: when are errors displayed
upon completion of translation
83
Cause of syntax error
code isn't formed or written properly
84
Python expression example to concatenate strings and arrays using the & operator
school="Albyn" form="U4D" joinedTogether=school&form
85
Pro of using an array
saves large amount of coding by not having to declare lots of single variables e.g. names1, names2, names3 etc.
86
how many bits does Unicode use per character
16-bits; 2^16
87
more than
>
88
Define: RAM
[Random Access Memory] is temporary storage where its data is lost when the computer is turned off
89
Define: normal test data
data that we are expected to enter and will give us the result we predict
90
pro of using vector graphics
allows objects to be overlapped | can be rescaled with no effect on quality of image
91
Ways a company should dispose of old computer systems
removing data from hard drive using collection company recycle individual components appropriately dispose of dangerous elements
92
remember to end loops when writing pseudocode
lol
93
why is solid state storage more suitable for a digital camera than magnetic storage (2/3)
solid state has no moving parts robust storage more suitable solid state can be removed faster transfer of data from solid state
94
advantages of using a tablet rather than a laptop to show people stuff at an event
simple interface for a range of users touch screen is easy to use more portability as it is lightweight more robust
95
concerns when using free wifi
slow data transfer speed compared to wired connection security issues lack of coverage across area signal interference from other devices
96
State the feature of HTML code that allows a webpage to be formatted.
Tags or Styles
97
Clicking on a “Location Map” button opens the Planet Earth Maps website in a new window. Explain why the HTML code for this link uses absolute addressing.
because it is an external link to another site/server
98
State the standard algorithm that is used to ensure that data entered is acceptable.
(input) validation
99
Reasons a webpage could be unsuitable for use on portable devices such as tablet or smartphone. (2/3)
>Navigation bar does not fit across small screen  >Too many columns  >Too much information for small screen >Icons too small to click on right hand side  >Would take too long to load images on portable device
100
When buying items online, encryption is used. Explain why customers should be reassured by this feature.
Personal details transmitted in code cannot be read (by hackers). OR Keeps personal data secure/safe OR Only the company can access the encrypted data
101
Explain why different types of smartphone would require different versions of an app. (2)
Different types of smartphone have: >Different operating systems on devices >Hardware differences (resolution, dual core processor, memory etc)
102
What is a carbon footprint?
Carbon Footprint is the overall harmful emissions associated with a life of a product/time frame.

Z/ HIGHER Computing Science (27 decks)

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