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Z/ HIGHER Computing Science > SDD Notes lol N5 > Flashcards

SDD Notes lol N5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: the ALU

A

the [Arithmetic Logic Unit] deals with all calculations and logic decisions

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2
Q

the more bits used to represent each character;

A

the larger the file size will be

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3
Q

parts of the processor: (3)

A

registers
the ALU
the control unit

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4
Q

Define: array

A

arrays store multiple values of the same data type

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5
Q

is a gif standard file format?

A

yes

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6
Q

Compilers: translate speed

A

all at once - faster

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7
Q

largest unit of storage?

A

Petabyte (Pb)

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8
Q

example of a logic error

A

trying to calculate average from sum of 4, 5 and 6 but instead of the output being 5 it is 15

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9
Q

Define: Interfaces

A

an interface allows two devices to communicate with each other

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10
Q

equals

A

=

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11
Q

Integer

A

Whole Number

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12
Q

how does using a breadcrumb aid navigation

A

helps user view path taken to reach this page OR
useful to retrace steps and go back to previous pages OR
useful in indicating section of current page to orientate user

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13
Q

what is Unicode mainly used for

A

storing languages with very large character sets

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14
Q

state the data structure that would be used to store a list of Price values
examples of Price values: 34.3, 66.1, 92.3

A

an array of real numbers

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15
Q

how many bits does Extended ASCII use per character

A

8-bits; 2^8

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16
Q

Define: graphical object

A

An object that can be placed on the user interface that can contain a picture

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17
Q

Interpreters: when does the program need to be translated

A

every time the program is run - slower

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18
Q

Define: pre-defined functions

A

Code that has been created to perform a certain action which does not need to be programmed but can be used by the programmer

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19
Q

explain how a search engine is used to produce a list

A

through a search that matches user searched keywords then searches a database of known pages.

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20
Q

Python expression(s) to assign values to variables

A

declaring it: counter=0
requesting input: age=input(“How old are you?”)
changing an existing value: total=total+mark

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21
Q

real numbers are stored using

A

a mantissa and exponent

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22
Q

Define: Machine Code

A

the language that a computer understands which is made up from a combination of 1s and 0s

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23
Q

why is file compression used before transferring files to cloud storage

A

so the upload / transfer is faster OR

so more files can be stored

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24
Q

Compilers: when does the program need to be translated

A

only once as the translated code can be saved - faster

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25
Q

purposes of using an interface (3)

A 
temporary storage of data
handling of status signals
data conversion - serial to parallel
voltage conversion
communication between devices
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26
Q

what is the domain name of

http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/41288.html

A

(www.)sqa.org.uk

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27
Q

If a number begins with a 0 does it need to be declared as a string?

A

yes

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28
Q

why must high level languages be translated into machine code in order for them to be run?

A

computer systems only speak machine code so out programs must be translated into machine code I order to have our instructions carried out.

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29
Q

how many bits does ASCII use per character

A

7-bits; 2^7

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30
Q

Features of a web browser (5)

A 
shortcuts
favourites
bookmarks
refresh
home 
search box
address bar
stop button
tabbed browsing
customisation of toolbars
change default homepage
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31
Q

an algorithm to check that the data that is inputted can be accepted

A 
Get input from user
While input = incorrect
       Display error message
       Get input from user
End while
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32
Q

vectors graphics are stored as

A

individual objects with attributes such as StartPoint X, StartPoint Y, EndPoint X, EndPoint Y, line thickness, line colour etc.

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33
Q

pro of using bitmapped graphics

A

realistic

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34
Q

not equal to

A

!=

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35
Q

Fixed loops will

A

always execute a set number of times

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36
Q

more than or equal to

A

> =

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37
Q

what makes a program more readable? (3/4)

A

internal commentary
meaningful identifiers
indentation and whitespace

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38
Q

Interpreters: translate speed

A

one line at a time - slower

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39
Q

Will your program run with a logic error?

A

yes but will display an unexpected output

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40
Q

basic computer architecture: (4)

A

the processor
main memory
buses
interfaces

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41
Q

1D Arrays are declared with

A

[ ]

square brackets

42
Q

characters can be stored using what formats? (3)

A

ASCII, Extended ASCII and Unicode

43
Q

Define: the registers

A

fast access temporary storage locations

44
Q

con of using bitmapped graphics

A

loses quality when scaled up

objects cannot be overlapped

45
Q

name the two translators

A

compiler & interpreter

46
Q

Define: ROM

A

[Read Only Memory] cannot be altered and is not lost when the computer is turned off

47
Q

bitmapped graphics are stored as

A

an array of pixels

48
Q

exponent

A

deals with the range of the decimal number

49
Q

borrowing someones wireless network / wifi without their permission is breaking what law

A

communications act

50
Q

smallest unit of storage?

A

bit (binary digit)

51
Q

Example of a complex condition

A

while (age>=12) and (age<=18)

52
Q

whole numbers are stored using

A

binary

53
Q

Interpreters: when are errors displayed

A

if an error is found the translation stops and it is highlighted - useful

54
Q

Interfaces compensate for (3)

A

differences in data transfer speed, power usage, languages that the devices use to enable these devices to communicate with each other

55
Q

Will your program run with an execution error?

A

yes but may crash due to unexpected input

56
Q

Define: pseudocode

A

text representation of what your code will do

57
Q

example of an execution error

A

contains a conditional loop with a condition that cannot be met.

58
Q

Real

A

Decimal Number

59
Q

Define: string

A

a variable containing a combination of letter, symbols and numbers

60
Q

con of using vector graphics

A

unrealistic

61
Q

Define: exceptional test data

A

data that is outwith the range that our program is expecting to be entered. This input will be rejected and inform the user why it has been rejected.

62
Q

less than or equal to

A

<=

63
Q

less than

A

<

64
Q

mantissa

A

deals with the accuracy of the decimal number

65
Q

Python expressions to return values using arithmetic operators

A

+, -, *, /, ^

66
Q

Example of a simple condition

A

if (age>18)

67
Q

why do programmers use high level language for coding instead of machine code

A

it is easier for humans to understand since they use everyday words like: IF, FOR, PRINT, WHILE etc.

68
Q

equal to

A

==

69
Q

Example of a pre-defined function

A

the Round function: number=round(number,1)

this rounds to one d.p.

70
Q

what is similar to pseudocode that can be used?

A

graphical representation ( as in graphic as in picture )

71
Q

parts of the main memory: (2)

A

ROM

RAM

72
Q

how is a real number stored

A

as a mantissa and an exponent

73
Q

Define: readability

A

how easy it is for other programmers to understand what is happening in your code

74
Q

examples of interfaces

A

USB2.0
USB3.0
Thunderbolt
HDMI

75
Q

Define: extreme test data

A

data that is the largest and smallest value that can still be accepted and will still produce the result we predict

76
Q

Will your program run with a syntax error?

A

no

77
Q

graphics can be either

A

bitmap or vector

78
Q

Define: the Control Unit

A

it controls the order in which instructions are executed within the processor. also in charge of prioritising

79
Q

Define: boolean

A

A variable that can only have two values, true or false

80
Q

example of a syntax error

A

priint(“hello”)

81
Q

Conditional Loops will

A

execute an unlimited amount of times until the condition is met

82
Q

Compilers: when are errors displayed

A

upon completion of translation

83
Q

Cause of syntax error

A

code isn’t formed or written properly

84
Q

Python expression example to concatenate strings and arrays using the & operator

A

school=”Albyn”
form=”U4D”
joinedTogether=school&form

85
Q

Pro of using an array

A

saves large amount of coding by not having to declare lots of single variables e.g. names1, names2, names3 etc.

86
Q

how many bits does Unicode use per character

A

16-bits; 2^16

87
Q

more than

A

>

88
Q

Define: RAM

A

[Random Access Memory] is temporary storage where its data is lost when the computer is turned off

89
Q

Define: normal test data

A

data that we are expected to enter and will give us the result we predict

90
Q

pro of using vector graphics

A

allows objects to be overlapped

can be rescaled with no effect on quality of image

91
Q

Ways a company should dispose of old computer systems

A

removing data from hard drive
using collection company
recycle individual components appropriately
dispose of dangerous elements

92
Q

remember to end loops when writing pseudocode

A

lol

93
Q

why is solid state storage more suitable for a digital camera than magnetic storage (2/3)

A

solid state has no moving parts
robust storage more suitable
solid state can be removed
faster transfer of data from solid state

94
Q

advantages of using a tablet rather than a laptop to show people stuff at an event

A

simple interface for a range of users
touch screen is easy to use
more portability as it is lightweight
more robust

95
Q

concerns when using free wifi

A

slow data transfer speed compared to wired connection
security issues
lack of coverage across area
signal interference from other devices

96
Q

State the feature of HTML code that allows a webpage to be formatted.

A

Tags or Styles

97
Q

Clicking on a “Location Map” button opens the Planet Earth Maps website in a new window. Explain why the HTML code for this link uses absolute addressing.

A

because it is an external link to another site/server

98
Q

State the standard algorithm that is used to ensure that data entered is acceptable.

A

(input) validation

99
Q

Reasons a webpage could be unsuitable for use on portable devices such as tablet or smartphone. (2/3)

A

> Navigation bar does not fit across small screen 
Too many columns 
Too much information for small screen >Icons too small to click on right hand side 
Would take too long to load images on portable device

100
Q

When buying items online, encryption is used. Explain why customers should be reassured by this feature.

A

Personal details transmitted in code cannot be read (by hackers). OR Keeps personal data secure/safe OR Only the company can access the encrypted data

101
Q

Explain why different types of smartphone would require different versions of an app. (2)

A

Different types of smartphone have:
>Different operating systems on devices
>Hardware differences (resolution, dual core processor, memory etc)

102
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

Carbon Footprint is the overall harmful emissions associated with a life of a product/time frame.

Z/ HIGHER Computing Science (27 decks)

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