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Z/ HIGHER Computing Science > "ISDD" > Flashcards

"ISDD" Flashcards

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1
Q

insertion anomaly

A

cannot add info without also doing PK

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2
Q

database validation checks

A 
range check
restricted choice
length check
presence check
unique check
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3
Q

what does css stand for

A

cascading style sheets

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4
Q

pro of using a relational database

A

removes anomalies

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5
Q

SQL

A

structured query language

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6
Q

what does it mean if you are information rich

A

you can access many sources of information like: TV, radio, books, news magazines and can access the www

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7
Q

field name from:

Dog.dogname and criteria = “Olly”

A

dogname

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8
Q

what does it mean if you are information poor

A

you tend to not have access to the web and probably find it difficult to access books
-these may be pensioners

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9
Q

modification anomaly

A

lots of fields may need changing instead of just one

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10
Q

what is an information system

A

an information system is a combination of hardware and software that can be searched sorted and categorized

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11
Q

deletion anomaly

A

when something is deleted then something else may also be completely deleted because that may be the only occurrence of that item

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12
Q

what are forms

A

interfaces through which you can enter information in your database

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13
Q

table name from:

Dog.dogname and criteria = “Olly”

A

Dog

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14
Q

whats a report

A

used to summarize and present data in tables in the fastest and easiest readable way possible

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15
Q

characteristic of a poorly designed database

A

insertion, modification, deletion anomalies.

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16
Q

a complex search

A

is done on two or more fields

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17
Q

compound key

A

combines more than one field to make a unique value

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18
Q

a simple search

A

is done on one field only

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19
Q

search criteria from:

Dog.dogname and criteria = “Olly”

A

and criteria = “Olly”

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20
Q

whats a query

A

a request for information from a database that matches a set of criteria

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21
Q

A business is setting up a new communications network. Describe two
implications of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (2000) for this
business.

A 
(Provide facilities) for public
authorities (eg police/MI5/
government) to intercept
electronic communications
OR fit equipment to facilitate
surveillance (technical services)
OR pay for systems to assist with
interception of electronic
communications
OR pay for the hardware needed to
store electronic communication
OR inform staff of the fact that
access to communication data is
subject to the RIPA.
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22
Q

Describe two benefits of prototyping when following a rapid application
development methodology

A 
Allows the client to see/test/
feedback on proposed solutions
OR Subsystems/specific elements
can be prioritised and tested as
early as possible
OR A range of proposed solutions
can be developed on a small
scale instead of the need for full
implementation
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23
Q

How do you figure out the range of numbers that can be stored with a set number of bits.

A

use formula:
2^n - 1
and range is 0 - the result of that calculation above

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24
Q

The more processors present….

A

The more processors present, the greater the number of tasks that can be processed simultaneously.

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25
Q

what is parallel processing

A

Parallel computing is when several processors process tasks simultaneously

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26
Q

the data bus is uni/di directional

A

bi directional

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27
Q

the address bus is uni/bi directional

A

uni directional

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28
Q

where can the data bus go to/from

A

to main memory from the processor and vice versa.

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29
Q

where can the address bus go to/from

A

from the CPU to RAM.

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30
Q

a processing unit in a processor is also called a

A

core

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31
Q

the more cores a processor has the more

A

power it has to run multiple programs at the same time

this increases computer performance

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32
Q

the more cache memory there is, the more

A

data can be stored closer to the CPU

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33
Q

what are a few positive impacts of modern technology

A

heating systems, traffic control, car management systems

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34
Q

the four main aspects of computer hardware that allow the system to operate

A

the processor, the buses, the main memory and the cache memory

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35
Q

how can cache memory improve system performance

A

it stores frequently accessed instructions so it can be accessed faster

36
Q

is cache memory faster accessed than RAM and backing storage?

A

yes

37
Q

security risk associated with cookies

A

they monitor what you do and use your information badly or in a way you don’t want

38
Q

REMINDER: when writing occurrences standard algorithm for pseudocode; make it clear that you are looking through an array.

A

REMINDER: when writing occurrences standard algorithm for pseudocode; make it clear that you are looking through an array.

39
Q

if text is added to a vector image what effect does it have on file size?

A

the file size increases a little

40
Q

if text is added to a bitmap image what effect does it have on file size?

A

the file size does not change

41
Q

advantage of using open source software

A

it is free and can be distributed to others and other devices

42
Q

what is proprietary software also known as

A

closed source software

43
Q

disadvantage of using proprietary software

A

you could be restricted by the amount of copies run on devices

44
Q

what is proprietary software

A

software that is owned by a company and licensed for a fee

45
Q 
M		=	?
A		=	?
R		=	?
E		=	?
A 
M		=	Mantissa
A		=	Accuracy
R		=	Range
E		=	Exponent
46
Q

advantages of using ASCII (2)

A

Only requires 1 byte per character, therefore, faster to
process;
Almost all computers understand ASCII

47
Q

disadvantage of using ASCII (1)

A

Only has basic alphabets / limited character set

48
Q

advantages of using Unicode (2)

A

Large character set;

Allows use of many languages;

49
Q

disadvantage of using Unicode (1)

A

Larger storage requirements – 2 bytes, therefore slower to process.

50
Q

advantages of using bitmap image(2)

A

Can be manipulated at the pixel level;

Simple to output as long as output device has enough memory.

51
Q

disadvantages of using bitmap image(2)

A

Can take a lot of storage space, compression can
help;
When enlarged too much they appear “blocky” and the pixels can be seen.

52
Q

some file types that support bitmap graphics

A

.BMP .GIF .JPEG .PDF .PICT .TIFF

53
Q

Definition: Resolution

A

The number of pixels used to store the graphic.

54
Q

Characteristics of bitmap images

A

Graphic is split into individual pixels;
Colour of each pixel stored individually as binary digits, (Bit depth);
Can have very high file sizes;
Editing can be done at the pixel level;
When images are enlarged they can become “jagged”.

55
Q

Characteristics of vector / raster graphics

A

Store attributes of graphics, NOT PIXELS;
Attributes include:-Object
Start position
End position
Line thickness
Line colour
Fill colour etc.
Resolution independent, therefore can be scaled with no loss of quality;
Editing done on objects, not at pixel level;
Less storage required;
Objects can be layered over each other, retaining each object attributes.

56
Q

advantages of using vector graphics(2)

A

Small file sizes;

When enlarged they do not lose quality.

57
Q

disadvantages of using vector graphics(2)

A

Cannot be manipulated at the pixel level;

Can be difficult to output.

58
Q

some file types that support vector graphics

A

PDF, EPS, PSD, AI

59
Q

External Memory is aka

A

the Backing Storage devices

60
Q

Define: Peripherals Devices

A

Any device attached to the computer that isn’t essential to its running

61
Q

Maximum addressable memory = ?

A

Maximum addressable memory = 2ᵃᵈᵈʳᵉˢˢ * Data bus width

62
Q

SDD: Analysis; Purpose

A

a general description of the purpose of the software

63
Q

SDD: Analysis; Scope

A 
the list of deliverables that will be handed over to the client, this includes:
detailed design of program structure
test plan and completed test data table
working program
results of testing
evaluation report
64
Q

SDD: Analysis; Boundaries

A

the limits of what the project will contain and assumptions are clarified

65
Q

SDD: Analysis; Functional Requirements

A

the features that must be delivered by the system in terms of inputs, processes and outputs

66
Q

SDD: Evaluation; fitness for purpose

A

whether the software carries out all the required functions

67
Q

SDD: Evaluation; efficient use of coding constructs

A 
reflection on whether the software is as efficient as can be by using:
suitable data types or structures 
conditional or fixed loops
arrays
nested selection
procedures with parameter passing
68
Q

SDD: Evaluation; Usability

A 
how intuitive the software is from a user's perspective:
general user interface
user prompts
screen layout
any help screens
69
Q

SDD: Evaluation; Maintainability

A

how easy it is to alter the software. factors affecting this are:
readability of code
amount of modularity

70
Q

SDD: Evaluation; Robustness

A

how well the software copes with errors during execution including:
exceptional data
incorrect data

71
Q

SDD: Testing; Dry run

A

the process of manually working through the program to trace the values of variables

72
Q

SDD: Testing; Trace tables

A

a simulation of the flow of execution where statements are executed step by step and the changes of variables are tracked

73
Q

SDD: Testing; breakpoints

A

an intentional stopping of the program put in place for debugging purposes

74
Q

SDD: Testing; watchpoints

A

a special breakpoint that stops the program when the value of an expression changes

75
Q

ISDD / DDD: Analysis; end user requirements

A

the people who are going to be using the database and the tasks they expect to be able to do using it

76
Q

ISDD / DDD: Analysis; functional requirements

A

processes that the system has to perform and information that the system has to contain to be able to carry out its functions. these will:
clarify the design of the database
identify the features to implement
evaluate if the system is fit for purpose after development

77
Q

ISDD / DDD: Design; fitness for purpose

A

whether the database fulfills all the required purposes

78
Q

ISDD / DDD: Design; accuracy of output

A

whether any data that needs to be produced from the database is accurate

79
Q

what is cardinality

A

the number of participants in the relationship

80
Q

WDD: Analysis; end-user requirements

A

the people who are going to be using the website and the functions they expect to be able to do using it

81
Q

WDD: Analysis; functional requirements

A

processes that the website has to perform and display

82
Q

WDD: Testing; compatibility testing

A 
browser, device type
common problems:
changes in font size
changes in user interface
alignment issues 
changes in CSS style and colour
scrollbar issues
content overlapping
broken tables
83
Q

WDD: Testing; other testing that isn’t compatibility

A

navigational bar works, input validation, media content works

84
Q

WDD: Evaluation; fitness for purpose

A

whether the web page fits all the required functions and contains all the needed elements

85
Q

WDD: Evaluation; usability

A

how intuitive the software is from a user’s perspective:
general user interface
user prompts
screen layout

86
Q

what is a database driven website

A

a web page that grabs information from a database and inserts that information into the web page each time it is loaded. if the data in the database changes, the web page connected to the database will also change automatically

Z/ HIGHER Computing Science (27 decks)

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