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Superficial Structures > Scrotum and Testes- Path > Flashcards

Scrotum and Testes- Path Flashcards

1
Q

Describe testicular torsion

A

The spermatic cord turns on itself

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2
Q

True or False: Testicular viability will be lost if testicular torsion is not corrected within 6hours

A

True

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3
Q

At what age does testicular torsion most commonly occur

A

12-18 years

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4
Q

What is a symptom of testicular torsion?

A

Quick onset of pain

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5
Q

Describe the blood flow of testicular torsion

A

Near or complete absence of blood flow

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6
Q

True or False: Testicular torsion can spontaneously resolve on its own

A

True

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7
Q

Testicular fracture is caused by a torn __________.

A

tunica albuginea

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8
Q

Testicular fracture is usually cause by?

A

Trauma (MVA or athletic accident)

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9
Q

What is the salvage rate after testicular fracture ?

A

< 72 hours =90% ; >72 hours =45%

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10
Q

Describe epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis caused by bacterial infection or trauma

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11
Q

The most common cause of epididymitis in young men is?

A

STD

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12
Q

What is common in patients with epididymitis?

A

abscess (infection)

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13
Q

Describe orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testis due to trauma, mumps, mets, or other infection

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14
Q

True or False: Isolated orchitis is common

A

False; usually secondary to epididymitis (bacterioa coninues to testis)

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15
Q

Describe hydrocele

A

abnormal amount of serous fluid in vaginalis sac

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16
Q

Describe epididymo-orchitis

A

Inflammation of epididymis and testis

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17
Q

Hydrocele is associated with?

A

epididymitis

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18
Q

True or False: Hydrocele can be congenital or acquired

A

True

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19
Q

Name the extratesticular cysts

A

epididymal cyst, spermatocele, tunica albuginea cyst

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20
Q

Name the intratesticular cysts

A

testicular cyst, epidermoid cyst, dilated rete testis, varicoele

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21
Q

What is the most common extratesticular cyst?

A

epididymal cyst

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22
Q

True or False: Epididymal cysts are common occuring in 90-95% of men

A

False; 5% of men

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23
Q

Describe an epididymal cyst

A

benign cyst containing serous fluid

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24
Q

Describe spermatocele

A

cyst that contains sperm

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25
Q

Where are spermatoceles located?

A

head of epididymis, superior to testis

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26
Q

Spermatocele may displace the testis ________.

A

anteriorly

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27
Q

Where are tunica albuginea cysts usually found?

A

Around periphery of testis (tunica albuginea)

28
Q

Intratesticular cysts are _______ common than extratesticular cysts

A

less

29
Q

True or False: Testicular cysts are common

A

False; rare 10% of men

30
Q

Where are testicular cysts usually located?

A

adjacent to mediastinum testis (center of testis)

31
Q

Epidermoid cysts have what appearance?

A

onion slice

32
Q

Dilated rete testis is also known as?

A

tubular ecstasia

33
Q

Describe dilated rete testis

A

enlargement of rete testis due to obstruction at level of epididymis

34
Q

Tubular ectasia is a dilation of the?

A

Efferent ductules

35
Q

Describe varicocele

A

dilation of veins in the scrotum

36
Q

True or false: Varicocele can cause infertility

A

True

37
Q

What causes varicocele?

A

Incompetent valves

38
Q

What is used to increase the vessel size with varicocele?

A

Valsalva maneuver

39
Q

On which side of varicocele most commonly occur?

A

Left

40
Q

Describe scrotal hernia

A

intestines herniated into inguina, canal

41
Q

What confirms a scrotal hernia?

A

peristalsis

42
Q

What can lead to a testicular abcess?

A

epididymitis, orchitis, epididymo-orchitis

43
Q

What is the main characteristic of an abcess sonographically?

A

ring of fire flow

44
Q

Intratesticular hematoma is usually caused by?

A

trauma

45
Q

Describe hematocele

A

blood in vaginalis sac due to trauma

46
Q

Describe pyocele

A

pus in vaginalis sac due to infection

47
Q

Microcalcifications in the testes are usually?

A

benign

48
Q

Describe cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testes

49
Q

Cryptorchidism causes an increased chance of?

A

seminoma

50
Q

What is the usual ectopic location of an undescended testis?

A

Inguinal canal

51
Q

What is the most common testicular neoplasm?

A

Lymphoma

52
Q

True or False: Primary leukemia in the testis is common

A

False; rare (usually secondary)

53
Q

List the germ cell tumors from most to least common

A

seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, choriocarcinoma,

54
Q

Germ cell tumor are ________ of scrotal neoplasm malignancies

A

90-95%

55
Q

Seminoma is more common when patient also has?

A

Cryptorchidism

56
Q

Seminoma is ______ of germ cell tumors

A

40-50%

57
Q

What is the most common germ cell tumor?

A

Seminoma

58
Q

Embryonal cell carcinoma is ________ of germ cell tumors

A

20-30%

59
Q

What is the most common germ cell tumors in infants?

A

yolk sac tumor

60
Q

Teratoma is _______ of germ cell tumors

A

5-10%

61
Q

Choriocarcinoma is ______ of germ cell tumors

A

1-3%

62
Q

What is the most malignant germ cell tumor?

A

Choriocarcinoma

63
Q

Patients with choriocarcinoma can also have _________ along with high levels of ________.

A

gynecomastia; hCG

64
Q

True or False: Leydig Cell tumor is a germ cell tumor

A

False; stromal

65
Q

Metastasis is common with ______ and ______.

A

Leukemia; Lymphoma

66
Q

What are the most common sites of metastasis ?

A

Prostate and kidney

Superficial Structures (7 decks)

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