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Superficial Structures > Prostate + Seminal Vesicles Normal > Flashcards

Prostate + Seminal Vesicles Normal Flashcards

1
Q

The prostate gland is mainly composed of what kind of tissue?

A

glandular/fibromuscular

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2
Q

The prostate gland surrounds the neck of?

A

the bladder and urethra

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3
Q

The prostate gland has what relationship to the peritoneum?

A

Retroperitoneal

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4
Q

What is the main function of the prostate gland?

A

produces alkaline fluid to contribute to sperm transport and motility

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5
Q

The prostate is regulated by what hormone?

A

testosterone

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6
Q

What controls the prostate?

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

What are the 3 zones of the prostate?

A

peripheral, central, transitional

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8
Q

What is the largest zone of the prostate?

A

peripheral (70%)

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9
Q

The peripheral zone is located ______ and ______.

A

posterior and lateral

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10
Q

What separates the TZ from the CZ and PZ?

A

the surgical capsule

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11
Q

Which zone is more prone to malignancy?

A

Peripheral

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12
Q

Which zone borders the seminal vesicles?

A

Central

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13
Q

What is the second largest zone of the prostate?

A

Central (25%)

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14
Q

Where is the central zone located?

A

base of prostate

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15
Q

The central zone narrows at the?

A

verumontanum

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16
Q

What is a potential route of the spread of a tumor to outside space?

A

invaginated extraprostatic space

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17
Q

What is the invaginated extraprostatic space?

A

where seminal vesicles or ejaculatory ducts enter the central zone

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18
Q

What is the verumontanum?

A

the area where the ejaculatory duct meets the urethra

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19
Q

The verumontanum is also called?

A

the seminal colliculus

20
Q

What is the smallest area of the prostate?

A

Transitional zone (5%)

21
Q

What originates in the transitional zone?

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

22
Q

The central zone contains what percent of malignancy?

A

5-10%

23
Q

The transitional zone contains what percent of malignancy?

A

10-20%

24
Q

What is the anterior fibromuscular stroma?

A

nonglandular region formed by smooth muscle and connective tissue that forms the anterior portion of the prostate

25
Q

What is the surgical capsule?

A

a line dividing the PZ and CZ from the TZ

26
Q

The seminal vesicles are located _____ and ______ to the bladder

A

posterior; superior

27
Q

What is the normal measurement of the prostate?

A

4x3x2 cm

28
Q

The prostate gland is _______ and _______ to the bladder

A

inferior; posterior

29
Q

What is the normal sonographic appearance of the prostate?

A

homogenous with low level echoes

30
Q

True or False: The zones of the prostate can be seen on a normal gland

A

False

31
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of the peripheral zone?

A

homogenous with medium level exhoes

32
Q

The central zone appears with ______ echogenicity than the peripheral zone

A

greater

33
Q

Which zone has an eiffel tower shaped hypoechoic pattern?

A

transitional

34
Q

How does the surgical capsule appear sonographically?

A

hypoechoic

35
Q

How does the surgical capsule appear sonographically?

A

hypoechoic

36
Q

What forms the eiffel tower sign?

A

corpora amylacea

37
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicles?

A

reservoir for seminal fluid; secrete an alkaline viscous fluid that contributes to sperm viability

38
Q

What is the normal size of the seminal vesicles?

A

length: 3-4 cm; thickness: 1-3 cm

39
Q

When the seminal vesicles are empty they appear how sonographically?

A

curvilinear, hypoechoic, flat

40
Q

When the seminal vesicles are full how do they appear sonographically?

A

round, saccular

41
Q

The seminal vesicles join the _______ to form the ejaculatory duct

A

vas deferens

42
Q

How do the seminal vesicles appear sonographically?

A

bilateral, hypoechoic structures

43
Q

True or False: Prostate and semen have low acid phosphatase concentration

A

False; high concentration

44
Q

What is the function of prostate specific antigen (PSA)?

A

break down coagulated semen

45
Q

When is PSA elevated?

A

BPH, infection, carcinoma

46
Q

The higher the PSA, the ______ the risk of tumor and spread beyond the prostate

A

higher

47
Q

What is the best system for early screening for prostate cancer?

A

PSA —> DRE —> TRUS

Superficial Structures (7 decks)

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