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Superficial Structures > Scrotum and Testes- Normal > Flashcards

Scrotum and Testes- Normal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

cutaneous fibromusculsr sac that holds testes

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2
Q

What divides the scrotum? What is it formed by?

A

median raphe; dartos

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3
Q

What are the testes?

A

paired male reproductive organs

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4
Q

What suspends the testes?

A

spermatic cord

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5
Q

Each sac of scrotum contains?

A

one single testis

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6
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the scrotum?

A

epididymis, testes, spermatic cord

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the scrotum?

A

skin, dartos, tunica vaginalis

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8
Q

What is the dartos?

A

the muscle layer beneath skin that forms the median raphe

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

serous cover of testes that is formed from a double layer of peritoneum and separates the scrotal layer from tunica albuginea

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10
Q

Why are the 3 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

parietal, vaginalis sac, visceral

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11
Q

What is the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis?

A

outer layer; lines wall of scrotal sac

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12
Q

What is the vaginalis sac?

A

space between parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

What is the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis?

A

inner layer; covers testes and epididymis

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14
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

dense fibrous capsule that covers testis; inside visceral layer of tunica vaginalis; forms lobules

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15
Q

What is the function of the tunica albuginea?

A

divides each testis into 250-400 lobules

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16
Q

How many lobules are in each testis?

A

250-400

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17
Q

The lobules of the testes contain?

A

seminiferous tubules

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18
Q

The lobules converge toward?

A

the mediastinum testis

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19
Q

How many seminiferous tubules does each lobules contain?

A

1-4

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20
Q

What is the function of seminiferous tubules?

A

produce sperm by spermatogenesis

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21
Q

Spermatozoa is moved from seminiferous tubules to?

A

straight tubules then to rete testis

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22
Q

What is the mediastinum testis?

A

thickened portion of tunica albuginea; supports arteries, veins, lymphatics, seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

What is the appendix testis?

A

the remnant of the mesonephric duct

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24
Q

When the appendix testis seen?

A

With fluid

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25
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

muscular cord that pumps sperm into prostatic segment of urethra

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26
Q

The vas deferens ascends along ________ border of testis

A

posterior

27
Q

True or False: the vas deferens stores sperm for months

A

True

28
Q

The vas deferens is also called?

A

ductus deferens; seminal duct

29
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

supporting structure of the testes

30
Q

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

A

arteries, cremaster muscle, pampiniform complex, nerves, lymphatics, vas deferens, connective tissue

31
Q

The spermatic cord is attached to the _______ border of the testes

A

posterior

32
Q

What forms the ejaculatory ducts?

A

vas deferens, spermatic cord, seminal vesicles

33
Q

The epididymis consists of?

A

head, body, tail, appendix epididymis, efferent ductules

34
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

site of sperm maturation; stores small amount of sperm

35
Q

The epididymis head is also called?

A

globus major

36
Q

The epididymis body is also called?

A

corpus

37
Q

The epididymis tail is also called?

A

globus minor

38
Q

The epididymis travels along the _______ border of the testes

A

superoposterior

39
Q

What is the most superior aspect of the epididymis?

A

head (globus major)

40
Q

What is the appendix epididymis?

A

mesonephric duct remnant

41
Q

The efferent ductules pass from? Where do they enter?

A

rete testis; upper portion of epididymis

42
Q

What is the normal measurement of the testis?

A

4x3x2 cm

43
Q

What is the normal shape of the testis?

A

symmetric, oval shaped, smooth contour

44
Q

What is the normal size of each part of the epididymis?

A

head: 10-12 mm, body: 2-4 mm, tail: 2-5 mm

45
Q

True or False: the epididymis remains the same size throughout a male’s life

A

False; shrinks and atrophies with age

46
Q

What is the shape of the epididymis head?

A

triangular with smooth edges

47
Q

What is the normal measurement of the scrotum wall?

A

2-8 mm

48
Q

What is the normal sonographic appearance of the testes?

A

homogenous, medium level echoes, smooth wall, symmetrical

49
Q

The testicular artery is ________ resistance

A

low

50
Q

The differential and cremaster artery are _______ resistance

A

high

51
Q

How does the mediastinum testis appear sonographically?

A

highly echogenic linear structure

52
Q

How does the head of the epididymis appear sonographically compared to the testis?

A

isoechoic or slightly more echogenic

53
Q

How does the body of the epididymis appear sonographically compared to the head and tail?

A

isoechoic or slightly less echogenic

54
Q

What does the testicular artery supply?

A

the testis

55
Q

What do the cremaster and deferential arteries supply?

A

scrotum and epididymis only

56
Q

The right internal spermatic vein empties into?

A

the IVC

57
Q

The left internal spermatic vein empties into?

A

left renal vein then IVC

58
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

supports the testes and regulates temperatures of testes

59
Q

What holds the scrotum in place?

A

cremaster muscle

60
Q

The exocrine gland of the testes produces?

A

sperm

61
Q

The endocrine gland of the testes produces?

A

testosterone

62
Q

The excretion of testosterone is controlled by?

A

the pituitary gland

63
Q

The epididymis stores sperm until?

A

orgasm

64
Q

What is the flow of sperm?

A

skin —> dartos —> tunica parietalis —> vaginalis sac —> tunica vaginalis —> tunica albuginea —> lobules —> seminiferous tubules —> straight tubules —> rete testis —> efferent ductules in head of epididymis —> epididymal ducts in body of epididymis —> tail of epididymis —> vas deferens —> spermatic cord

Superficial Structures (7 decks)

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