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Superficial Structures > Scrotum and Testes- Normal > Flashcards

Scrotum and Testes- Normal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

cutaneous fibromusculsr sac that holds testes

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2
Q

What divides the scrotum? What is it formed by?

A

median raphe; dartos

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3
Q

What are the testes?

A

paired male reproductive organs

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4
Q

What suspends the testes?

A

spermatic cord

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5
Q

Each sac of scrotum contains?

A

one single testis

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6
Q

What are the 3 major structures of the scrotum?

A

epididymis, testes, spermatic cord

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the scrotum?

A

skin, dartos, tunica vaginalis

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8
Q

What is the dartos?

A

the muscle layer beneath skin that forms the median raphe

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

serous cover of testes that is formed from a double layer of peritoneum and separates the scrotal layer from tunica albuginea

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10
Q

Why are the 3 layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

parietal, vaginalis sac, visceral

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11
Q

What is the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis?

A

outer layer; lines wall of scrotal sac

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12
Q

What is the vaginalis sac?

A

space between parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

What is the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis?

A

inner layer; covers testes and epididymis

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14
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

dense fibrous capsule that covers testis; inside visceral layer of tunica vaginalis; forms lobules

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15
Q

What is the function of the tunica albuginea?

A

divides each testis into 250-400 lobules

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16
Q

How many lobules are in each testis?

A

250-400

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17
Q

The lobules of the testes contain?

A

seminiferous tubules

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18
Q

The lobules converge toward?

A

the mediastinum testis

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19
Q

How many seminiferous tubules does each lobules contain?

A

1-4

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20
Q

What is the function of seminiferous tubules?

A

produce sperm by spermatogenesis

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21
Q

Spermatozoa is moved from seminiferous tubules to?

A

straight tubules then to rete testis

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22
Q

What is the mediastinum testis?

A

thickened portion of tunica albuginea; supports arteries, veins, lymphatics, seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

What is the appendix testis?

A

the remnant of the mesonephric duct

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24
Q

When the appendix testis seen?

A

With fluid

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25
What is the vas deferens?
muscular cord that pumps sperm into prostatic segment of urethra
26
The vas deferens ascends along ________ border of testis
posterior
27
True or False: the vas deferens stores sperm for months
True
28
The vas deferens is also called?
ductus deferens; seminal duct
29
What is the spermatic cord?
supporting structure of the testes
30
What is contained in the spermatic cord?
arteries, cremaster muscle, pampiniform complex, nerves, lymphatics, vas deferens, connective tissue
31
The spermatic cord is attached to the _______ border of the testes
posterior
32
What forms the ejaculatory ducts?
vas deferens, spermatic cord, seminal vesicles
33
The epididymis consists of?
head, body, tail, appendix epididymis, efferent ductules
34
What is the epididymis?
site of sperm maturation; stores small amount of sperm
35
The epididymis head is also called?
globus major
36
The epididymis body is also called?
corpus
37
The epididymis tail is also called?
globus minor
38
The epididymis travels along the _______ border of the testes
superoposterior
39
What is the most superior aspect of the epididymis?
head (globus major)
40
What is the appendix epididymis?
mesonephric duct remnant
41
The efferent ductules pass from? Where do they enter?
rete testis; upper portion of epididymis
42
What is the normal measurement of the testis?
4x3x2 cm
43
What is the normal shape of the testis?
symmetric, oval shaped, smooth contour
44
What is the normal size of each part of the epididymis?
head: 10-12 mm, body: 2-4 mm, tail: 2-5 mm
45
True or False: the epididymis remains the same size throughout a male’s life
False; shrinks and atrophies with age
46
What is the shape of the epididymis head?
triangular with smooth edges
47
What is the normal measurement of the scrotum wall?
2-8 mm
48
What is the normal sonographic appearance of the testes?
homogenous, medium level echoes, smooth wall, symmetrical
49
The testicular artery is ________ resistance
low
50
The differential and cremaster artery are _______ resistance
high
51
How does the mediastinum testis appear sonographically?
highly echogenic linear structure
52
How does the head of the epididymis appear sonographically compared to the testis?
isoechoic or slightly more echogenic
53
How does the body of the epididymis appear sonographically compared to the head and tail?
isoechoic or slightly less echogenic
54
What does the testicular artery supply?
the testis
55
What do the cremaster and deferential arteries supply?
scrotum and epididymis only
56
The right internal spermatic vein empties into?
the IVC
57
The left internal spermatic vein empties into?
left renal vein then IVC
58
What is the function of the scrotum?
supports the testes and regulates temperatures of testes
59
What holds the scrotum in place?
cremaster muscle
60
The exocrine gland of the testes produces?
sperm
61
The endocrine gland of the testes produces?
testosterone
62
The excretion of testosterone is controlled by?
the pituitary gland
63
The epididymis stores sperm until?
orgasm
64
What is the flow of sperm?
skin —> dartos —> tunica parietalis —> vaginalis sac —> tunica vaginalis —> tunica albuginea —> lobules —> seminiferous tubules —> straight tubules —> rete testis —> efferent ductules in head of epididymis —> epididymal ducts in body of epididymis —> tail of epididymis —> vas deferens —> spermatic cord

Superficial Structures (7 decks)

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