Screening of Integument Pt 2 Flashcards
What is the most prevalent form of cancer?
Skin cancers
What can cause basal and squamous skin cancer?
Prolonged sun exposure
What can cause malignant melanoma
Intensity of exposure to the sun (not necessarily duration)
What is malignant melanoma?
Cancer of the melanocytes
Most common cancer in females 25-29 years old
Malignant melanoma
2nd most common cancer in females 30-34 years old
Malignant melanoma (breast cancer 1st most common)
What is the most common form of melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma (70% of all melanomas)
How does one get superficial spreading melanoma?
Often arises in pre-existing moles or other scars and burns
Malignant melanoma prognosis when less than 0.76 cm depth
Greater than or equal to 90% 5 year survival rate
Malignant melanoma prognosis when greater than or equal to 0.76 cm depth
Less than or equal to 10% 5 year survival rate
Important prognostic characteristic of malignant melanoma
Early detection matters
Risks for those with a personal history of skin cancer (any form)
Increased mortality from other cancers
Increased risk of reoccurrence
Risk factors for malignant melanoma
Greater than or equal to 15 years old Fair complexion Caucasian Sun sensitivity Positive family history Live near equator
What does sun sensitivity mean?
Inability to tan and ability to burn
Risk factors for malignant melanoma (2)
Presence of many moles
Presence of atypical moles
Positive history for melanoma, osteomyelitis, burn scars, and chronic skin ulcers
Most common form of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
1 in 3 cases of new cancer is
Basal cell carcinoma
How does one get basal cell carcinoma?
Chronic sun exposure
Where does basal cell carcinoma arise from?
Bottom of epidermis
Characteristics of skin that basal cell carcinoma affects
Mainly on hair bearing surfaces:
Face, neck, head, ears, hands, upper back, and chest
How do basal cell carcinoma tumors spread?
By invasion
Characteristics of basal cell carcinoma
Rarely forms metastasis
5 warning signs for basal cell carcinoma
Open sore bleeds, oozes, or crusts Reddish patch Shiny bump or nodule Pink growth Scar -like area
Where do most basal cell carcinoma cancers occur?
65% occur in head and neck area
Squamous cell carcinoma is primarily caused by
Chronic sun exposure
Signs of sun damage
Wrinkling
Change in pigmentation
Loss of elasticity
Characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma
Wart like growth with crusting and bleeding
Where does squamous cell carcinoma occur?
Face Neck Hands Shoulder Arms and back Rim of ears, lower lip, and bald scalp
Where do most squamous cell carcinoma cancers occur?
~80% occur in head and neck area
How does squamous cell carcinoma spread?
By invasion of local tissue
