Cancer Screening for PTs Pt. 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 subcategories of malignancy?
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
4 examples of carcinoma discussed in class
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Colorectal cancer
What does carcinoma arise from?
Epithelial cells
Likely areas of carcinoma
breast, pancreas, skin, lungs, GI
How does carcinoma primarily metastasize?
Primarily lymphatics
What is adenocarcinoma?
Malignancy of gland/duct
Where does breast cancer likely metastasize to?
Bone, brain, lung, and liver
Where does prostate cancer likely metastasize to?
Bone, lung, and liver
Where does lung cancer likely metastasize to?
Bone, brain, and liver
Where does colorectal cancer likely metastasize to?
Bone, lung, and liver
Where does sarcoma arise from?
Connective tissue
Likely areas of sarcoma
Fat, muscle, bone, cartilage, synovial tissue
How does sarcoma primarily metastasize?
Via blood and or invasion
Where does lymphoma arise from?
Lymphoid tissue
Likely areas of lymphoma
Nodes, spleen, intestinal lining
How does lymphoma primarily metastasize?
Local spread/invasion
Where does leukemia arise from?
Hematological tissues
Likely areas of leukemia
Red bone marrow
How does leukemia primarily metastasize?
Via local spread
What is the most common site for metastasis? Why?
Pulmonary. Due to venous drainage via the superior and inferior vena cava into the heart, the lungs are the first organ to “filter” malignant cells.
Primary bone tumor (osteosarcoma) metastasize first to…
the lung
Initial symptoms of lung cancer
Pain free initially (no nociceptors in lung tissue)
When is lung cancer painful
Once tumor reaches parietal pleura
Presenting signs and symptoms of lung cancer
Dyspnea and pleural pain
If the patient has either or both dypnea or parietal pain present. What should you ask?
Any increased symptoms with deep breathing?
Any increased symptoms with activity?
Any productive cough with bloody or rust colored sputum?
Any new onset of breathing or difficulty breathing at night?
(if yes to above) Eased when sitting upright?
What is the most common primary tumor to metastasize to the brain?
Primary lung tumors
What is the 1st or second most common metastatic site?
Skeleton
Primary areas that metastasize to the skeleton
Prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, or lung (BP KTL)
Presenting signs and symptoms of skeletal cancer
Pain and pathological fractures
Vertebral fractures lead to compression
Changing position does not provide relief
