Cancer Screening for PTs Pt. 2

Question 1

What are the 4 subcategories of malignancy?

Answer 1

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia

Question 2

4 examples of carcinoma discussed in class

Answer 2

Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Colorectal cancer

Question 3

What does carcinoma arise from?

Answer 3

Epithelial cells

Question 4

Likely areas of carcinoma

Answer 4

breast, pancreas, skin, lungs, GI

Question 5

How does carcinoma primarily metastasize?

Answer 5

Primarily lymphatics

Question 6

What is adenocarcinoma?

Answer 6

Malignancy of gland/duct

Question 7

Where does breast cancer likely metastasize to?

Answer 7

Bone, brain, lung, and liver

Question 8

Where does prostate cancer likely metastasize to?

Answer 8

Bone, lung, and liver

Question 9

Where does lung cancer likely metastasize to?

Answer 9

Bone, brain, and liver

Question 10

Where does colorectal cancer likely metastasize to?

Answer 10

Bone, lung, and liver

Question 11

Where does sarcoma arise from?

Answer 11

Connective tissue

Question 12

Likely areas of sarcoma

Answer 12

Fat, muscle, bone, cartilage, synovial tissue

Question 13

How does sarcoma primarily metastasize?

Answer 13

Via blood and or invasion

Question 14

Where does lymphoma arise from?

Answer 14

Lymphoid tissue

Question 15

Likely areas of lymphoma

Answer 15

Nodes, spleen, intestinal lining

Question 16

How does lymphoma primarily metastasize?

Answer 16

Local spread/invasion

Question 17

Where does leukemia arise from?

Answer 17

Hematological tissues

Question 18

Likely areas of leukemia

Answer 18

Red bone marrow

Question 19

How does leukemia primarily metastasize?

Answer 19

Via local spread

Question 20

What is the most common site for metastasis? Why?

Answer 20

Pulmonary. Due to venous drainage via the superior and inferior vena cava into the heart, the lungs are the first organ to “filter” malignant cells.

Question 21

Primary bone tumor (osteosarcoma) metastasize first to…

Answer 21

the lung

Question 22

Initial symptoms of lung cancer

Answer 22

Pain free initially (no nociceptors in lung tissue)

Question 23

When is lung cancer painful

Answer 23

Once tumor reaches parietal pleura

Question 24

Presenting signs and symptoms of lung cancer

Answer 24

Dyspnea and pleural pain

Question 25

If the patient has either or both dypnea or parietal pain present. What should you ask?

Answer 25

Any increased symptoms with deep breathing?
Any increased symptoms with activity?
Any productive cough with bloody or rust colored sputum?
Any new onset of breathing or difficulty breathing at night?
(if yes to above) Eased when sitting upright?

Question 26

What is the most common primary tumor to metastasize to the brain?

Answer 26

Primary lung tumors

Question 27

What is the 1st or second most common metastatic site?

Answer 27

Skeleton

Question 28

Primary areas that metastasize to the skeleton

Answer 28

Prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, or lung (BP KTL)

Question 29

Presenting signs and symptoms of skeletal cancer

Answer 29

Pain and pathological fractures
Vertebral fractures lead to compression
Changing position does not provide relief