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PT662 > Cancer Screening for PTs > Flashcards

Cancer Screening for PTs Flashcards

1
Q

Primary methods when screening for cancer

A

Basic tools
Suspicious red flag findings or lesions
Understand risk factors for cancer and keep resources to aide decision making

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2
Q

Greatest reason for early detection for cancer

A

Early detection may reduce mortality rate

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3
Q

Immediate physician referral (1)

A

Recently discovered lumps or nodules or a change in known lumps, nodules, or moles. Especially in individuals with a known history of cancer.

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4
Q

Immediate physician referral (2)

A

Lymph node enlargement or suspicious lymph node. Palpable, fixed, and irregular mass in the breast of axilla

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5
Q

Immediate physician referral (3)

A

Presence of lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

Immediate physician referral (4)

A

Presence of early warning signs (CAUTIONS)

i.e. Idiopathic muscle weakness accompanied by decreased DTR’s

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7
Q

Immediate physician referral (5)

A

Unexplained bleeding from any area (i.e. nose, blood in urine or stool, ear, mole or skin, mouth)

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8
Q

Immediate physician referral (6)

A

Signs or symptoms of metastasis in a patient with a past history of cancer

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9
Q

Immediate physician referral (7)

A

Male w/ pelvic, groin, SIJ, or LBP w/ leg symptoms and a past history of prostate cancer

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10
Q

What acronym do we use to screen for early warning signs of cancer?

A

CAUTIONS

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11
Q

What does C stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Change in bowel or bladder habits

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12
Q

What does A stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

A sore that does not heal in 6 weeks

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13
Q

What does U stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Unusual discharge or bleeding

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14
Q

What does T stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Thickening or lump anywhere

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15
Q

What does I stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

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16
Q

What does O stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Obvious change in wart or mole

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17
Q

What does N stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Nagging cough or hoarseness

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18
Q

What does S stand for in CAUTIONS?

A

Supplementary signs/symptoms

19
Q

What qualifies as supplementary signs/symptoms?

A

Recent weight gain/loss
Night pain (worst pain in 24-hour period)
Proximal muscle weakness (symmetrical and idiopathic)
Change in DTRs
Pathological fractures

20
Q

What is important to know about bleeding when it comes to cancer?

A

It is an important sign BUT is indicative of advanced cancer

21
Q

What is important to know about pain when it comes to cancer?

A

Pain is rarely an early warning sign
Tumors do not have nociceptors
60-80% of people with solid tumors have pain

22
Q

What is important to know about the early stages of cancer?

A

Early stages are often asymptomatic

23
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors for cancer

A

Age greater than 50 years old
Family/personal history of cancer
Ethnicity
Heredity

24
Q

What age does a majority of cancers occur?

A

After 65

25
Q

What family qualifies when talking about family/personal history of cancer?

A

Immediate biological family

26
Q

What ethnicity is most at risk for cancer?

A

African-americans have the highest rate

27
Q

What cancers that we talked about in class are hereditary?

A

5% breast, ovarian, colon

28
Q

Modifiable risk factors for cancer

A 
Tobacco use
Chemical exposure
Alcohol
Sedentary lifestyle
Obesity
Lack of access to health care
29
Q

What is important to know about tobacco use when it comes to risk factors for cancer?

A

It includes 2nd hand smoke

30
Q

What is important to know about alcohol use when it comes to risk factors for cancer?

A

Greater than 2 drinks per day

31
Q

What is important to know about obesity when it comes to risk factors for cancer?

A

It is related to around 1/3 of cancer deaths

32
Q

Those who are over 50 have a higher risk of…

A

Cancer, AAA, fracture, and infection

33
Q

People who have a past or present history of any type of cancer have an increased risk of…

A

Cancer-causing LBP

34
Q

What are common metastatic cancers that cause LBP?

A

Prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, lung, and lymphoma (“lead kettle” mnemonic = PB KTLL)

35
Q

Those who have pain not relieved with rest or wakes at night not related to movement or positioning have a higher risk of…

A

Cancer, AAA, infection

36
Q

How much weight loss is concerning/indicative for cancer?

A

5-10% in 6 months not directly related to diet or exercise

37
Q

Characteristics of benign tumors

A

Cells are well differentiated
Well organized stroma
Named after tissue of origin + -oma
Space occupying lesion -> compression

38
Q

Characteristics of malignant tumors

A

Cells are poorly differentiated (anaplasia and pleomorphic)

No organized stroma

39
Q

What does anaplasia mean?

A

Loss of differentiation

40
Q

What does pleomorphic mean?

A

Variability in size and shape

41
Q

What is stroma?

A

A capsule

42
Q

Why is it bad for tumors to not have stromas?

A

Easier for cells to spread

43
Q

Invasive tumor characteristics

A

Malignant tumor that has invaded surrounding tissue

Spread of cancer cells from primary to secondary site

PT662 (14 decks)

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