Cancer Screening for PTs pt 3 Flashcards
Important to note about Brain and CNS cancer
Metastasis to the brain is more common than primary brain tumors
Metastasis to the brain commonly spreads from
Lung Colon breast Prostate and kidneys Skin (melanoma)
Primary CNS tumors rarely metastasize…
Outside CNS
Presenting signs and symptoms of Brain and CNS cancers
Headache (increase in ICP)
Change in cognitive function and disposition
Changes in sensory or motor function
Important to note about liver metastasis
Liver metastasis is an ominous sign of advanced cancer
METs from GI tract are filtered by…
the liver
What is the most common site for spread of tumors from the stomach, colorectal cancer, or pancreas?
Liver
Presenting signs and symptoms of liver cancer
Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome accompanied by
Abdominal pain and tenderness
Malaise and fatigue
Jaundice
Right upper quadrant pain w/ referral to right shoulder
How are lymph channels and nodes impacted?
Usually by local invasion
What does breast cancer invade?
Local channels and nodes
What is important about the spread of breast cancer?
It has a predictable pattern of spread
Signs of skin/integumentary cancer
Observable skin lesion or palpable changes Observable or palpable changes to. nail beds of the fingers or toes Unusual mole (using ABCDE assessment method) Bleeding or discharge (from mole, skin lesion, scar, nipple) Ongoing tenderness/soreness around mole or sore that does not heal
What is Paraneoplastic syndrome
A tumor in endocrine tissue
What are the signs and symptoms of paraneoplastic syndrome?
Hypertension, tachycardia, polycythemia
What are the signs and symptoms of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with?
Release of excess biologically active molecules
What leads to hypertension and tachycardia in paraneoplastic syndrome?
Adrenal tumor secretes excess catecholamines
What leads to polycythemia in paraneoplastic syndrome?
Renal tumor secretes excess erythropoietin
What is the most commonly reported side effect of cancer and cancer treatments?
fatigue and anemia
Signs and symptoms that accompany fatigue
Depression
Hypersomnia
Cognitive impairment
Multifactorial problems of fatigue
Sleep disturbances nutrition chemotherapy inactivity anemia
Causes of anemia
Cancer Chemotherapy Malnutrition Chronic bleeding Iron deficiency
Common signs and symptoms of anemia
Fatigue
Tiredness
Lack of energy
Exhaustion
Treatment guidelines for anemia
Do not exercise if [Hb] <10 g/dl
Normal Hb concentration
~15 g/dl
If cancer causes pain, what is it due to?
Compression, stretching, obstruction, infection, or necrosis in sensitive tissues
Pain in cancer is likely due to…
metastatic cancer than the primary cancer
What is cachexia?
Severe form of malnutrition
Common signs and symptoms of cachexia
Anorexia Early satiety Weight loss Ulcers common Anemia
Why does leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occur?
Due to invasion of red bone marrow
What is leukopenia?
Lack of white blood cells leading to an increased risk of infection
